You presumably know that the tradition of the wife taking the husband's name is a patriarchal one that signified a change of ownership. Whilst I don't think it's credible to say that that line of thinking has survived for the most part, the tradition obviously has. But I don't think it's right to say that men assume that a woman doesn't love them if they don't want to take their the man's last name. nor do I think it's right to say that it's generally viewed as a bad thing, or labelled as woke or feminist (as it happens, it is both woke and feminist strictly speaking, though those who label it as such generally don't mean it in a complimentary way). Some men will not react well to it for a variety of conscious and subconscious reasons, but I expect an increasing number won't have an issue with a woman deciding not to take her husband's name.
The reality is that it is for every person, both men and women, to decide what they want to be called, and whether or not they wish to change their name after they get married. Some women recognise the name change as a patriarchal tradition, but do it for practical reasons, such as having the same surname as their children. Others just don't feel strongly about it. Others do, and want to keep their own name, double barrel their name, or keep their name and double barrel their children's names. All perfectly valid options, and they are options that people have used to one degree or another for a long time. I actually forget their names as I'm writing this, but I was listening to a podcast on the history of the suffragettes recently, and there was a wealthy couple who funded them in their early years who actually both changed their surnames to double barrel them on marriage. Which was obviously a pretty unusual thing to do in the early 19th century, but it did happen.
If you're a woman who is concerned about the reaction of your other half to you not wanting to take their name, the way to approach it is the same way you approach anything controversial in a relationship; you talk about it. My wife took my name, but I would have had no issue at all if she didn't want to. Honestly, if you're a woman who doesn't want to take a man's name after marriage, I strongly suspect that you'd be generally incompatible in more ways than that with a man who would be vehemently against it. So in practice I doubt it will be a significant issue for many people.