Hi there -
For all of the literature texts you need to be able to write a good essay that analyses the ideas of the text. It doesn't matter if it is poetry or Macbeth - if you can crack out an essay on one, you can do it for all of them.
Most questions will be around a key theme or character in each text - you need to be able to analyse in your essay the importance of the named theme or character and why the writer wanted to include it. For example, the Inspector from AIC is a mouthpiece for Priestley's own political views and the text is a criticism of society's behaviour. A Christmas Carol is Dickens' attempt to highlight the issues around class and poverty to a Victorian society and Scrooge symbolises the lessons we all should learn.
If PETAL doesn't help you - you could try this - Killer Intro & 2 PEZZ:
Open with a killer introduction 5 sentences max. You should demonstrate to the examiner that you know the genre, immediately refer to the question focus, connect briefly to context (AO3) and show the writer's intention.
For example - if the question was: 'How does Priestley present Sheila in AIC' your intro would go like this:
'Priestley crafts the character of Sheila Birling as spoiled and materialistic to highlight the sense of privilege that those born into a higher class experienced in the early twentieth century. However, as the play develops, her attitude changes, and her reactions to the Inspector’s revelations juxtapose those of Mr and Mrs Birling. Arguably, throughout this well-made didactic play, Sheila is introduced as a metaphorical symbol of the younger generation's ability to change. This is a message that would have resonated with the post war supporters of the new Labour government who understood the need to move away from pre-war capitalist ideas. Sheila has clearly been constructed to encourage an audience to take responsibility and show empathy to those who have greater need.'
You would then write two PEZZ paragraphs - for example - focusing on how Sheila behaves at the start of the play and why and then move onto analyse how and why she changes at the end of the play and the point of her character.
Point - Have a clear idea for each paragraph that reflects your Killer Intro
Evidence - 2-3 quotes at most
Zoom in - look closely at the word types, techniques and where they are in the text and try to explain why the writer would make their character do/say/react at that specific point in the story.
Zoom out - how does your zooming in help the reader understand the messages of the text? Does it reflect any context, history or genre tropes? What reaction is the writer trying to get from the reader and why?
For every piece of literature you read or write about - make sure you are constantly thinking about why the writer would want to show these ideas, themes or characters - what is their point? What is the writer trying to do or what reaction are they trying to get?
You don't need a load of quotes to do this - just re-read each text 2-3 times before your exams.
For poetry - you always get given at least one named poem - lean hard on that one and follow the structure above (Killer Intro & 2 PEZZ) just remember to link in at least one other poem.