Hi @Best.Na.i👋
Given the career you're working towards, you could choose to study a business management or marketing degree. When selecting a course, I would suggest assessing what the course is able to provide you with to fast-track your career👇️
📜Accreditations
Take a look at these on the course pages you view. The number of accreditations you get with professional bodies will add value to your degree. For example, at the University of South Wales (Top in Wales for Marketing and PR according to the Guardian University Guide 2025), our marketing degrees are accredited by the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), Public Relations and Communications Association (PRCA) and the Institute of Data and Marketing (IDM).
💼Work Experience
Look at the opportunities you'll have to gain valuable work experience. It's essential you learn the theory. However, it's equally important to apply what you've learnt to the workplace. You'll provide your future employers with confidence that you understand the working environment and its competing demands.
🖥️Skills Development
When considering university courses, consider the skills you'll build and develop on the degree. Do these align with the career you see yourself entering following university?
🙌Additional Opportunities
Are there regular visits from guest speakers? Are there any trips planned? What networking opportunities are available to you? Will you have the chance to work on real-life briefs?
For now, work hard, enjoy your time in Year 12 and make time to attend University Open Days. As important as it is to choose the right course, you'll need to ensure that you'll be happy at the university you choose. It will enable you to thrive in your chosen course.
-Leanne😊
Given the career you're working towards, you could choose to study a business management or marketing degree. When selecting a course, I would suggest assessing what the course is able to provide you with to fast-track your career👇️
📜Accreditations
Take a look at these on the course pages you view. The number of accreditations you get with professional bodies will add value to your degree. For example, at the University of South Wales (Top in Wales for Marketing and PR according to the Guardian University Guide 2025), our marketing degrees are accredited by the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), Public Relations and Communications Association (PRCA) and the Institute of Data and Marketing (IDM).
💼Work Experience
Look at the opportunities you'll have to gain valuable work experience. It's essential you learn the theory. However, it's equally important to apply what you've learnt to the workplace. You'll provide your future employers with confidence that you understand the working environment and its competing demands.
🖥️Skills Development
When considering university courses, consider the skills you'll build and develop on the degree. Do these align with the career you see yourself entering following university?
🙌Additional Opportunities
Are there regular visits from guest speakers? Are there any trips planned? What networking opportunities are available to you? Will you have the chance to work on real-life briefs?
For now, work hard, enjoy your time in Year 12 and make time to attend University Open Days. As important as it is to choose the right course, you'll need to ensure that you'll be happy at the university you choose. It will enable you to thrive in your chosen course.
-Leanne😊
Original post by Leanne_USW
Hi @Best.Na.i👋
Given the career you're working towards, you could choose to study a business management or marketing degree. When selecting a course, I would suggest assessing what the course is able to provide you with to fast-track your career👇️
📜Accreditations
Take a look at these on the course pages you view. The number of accreditations you get with professional bodies will add value to your degree. For example, at the University of South Wales (Top in Wales for Marketing and PR according to the Guardian University Guide 2025), our marketing degrees are accredited by the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), Public Relations and Communications Association (PRCA) and the Institute of Data and Marketing (IDM).
💼Work Experience
Look at the opportunities you'll have to gain valuable work experience. It's essential you learn the theory. However, it's equally important to apply what you've learnt to the workplace. You'll provide your future employers with confidence that you understand the working environment and its competing demands.
🖥️Skills Development
When considering university courses, consider the skills you'll build and develop on the degree. Do these align with the career you see yourself entering following university?
🙌Additional Opportunities
Are there regular visits from guest speakers? Are there any trips planned? What networking opportunities are available to you? Will you have the chance to work on real-life briefs?
For now, work hard, enjoy your time in Year 12 and make time to attend University Open Days. As important as it is to choose the right course, you'll need to ensure that you'll be happy at the university you choose. It will enable you to thrive in your chosen course.
-Leanne😊
Given the career you're working towards, you could choose to study a business management or marketing degree. When selecting a course, I would suggest assessing what the course is able to provide you with to fast-track your career👇️
📜Accreditations
Take a look at these on the course pages you view. The number of accreditations you get with professional bodies will add value to your degree. For example, at the University of South Wales (Top in Wales for Marketing and PR according to the Guardian University Guide 2025), our marketing degrees are accredited by the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), Public Relations and Communications Association (PRCA) and the Institute of Data and Marketing (IDM).
💼Work Experience
Look at the opportunities you'll have to gain valuable work experience. It's essential you learn the theory. However, it's equally important to apply what you've learnt to the workplace. You'll provide your future employers with confidence that you understand the working environment and its competing demands.
🖥️Skills Development
When considering university courses, consider the skills you'll build and develop on the degree. Do these align with the career you see yourself entering following university?
🙌Additional Opportunities
Are there regular visits from guest speakers? Are there any trips planned? What networking opportunities are available to you? Will you have the chance to work on real-life briefs?
For now, work hard, enjoy your time in Year 12 and make time to attend University Open Days. As important as it is to choose the right course, you'll need to ensure that you'll be happy at the university you choose. It will enable you to thrive in your chosen course.
-Leanne😊
Ok Thank you
Original post by Best.Na.i
Does anyone have an advice for a student in year 12 wanting to study Management and Marketing at uni ?
Hi there!
Some fabulous advice already, I'd definitely second it 🙂
Just jumping into make a couple more suggestions! :
•
I would recommend choosing a course with a placement year if you can, as this will add so much to your graduate CV and make you stand out, give you some valuable time to explore a potential career possibly getting your foot in the door for future employment, earn some money as well as do something fun and different for a year.
•
Be prepared to network, be part of a team and make connections. Management with Marketing studies at university level involve a lot of teamwork and group projects and so if you have good speaking and active listening skills, are confident fitting into work groups and potentially taking a leadership position, this will benefit you! Stay connected to your peers and lecturers to start building that professional network, and remember to keep organised as you may have to juggle multiple projects at a time!
•
Understand the basics - try to show in your application your interest in the subject and course. Anything you can watch (eg TEDs) or read (e.g. books, news, marketing influencers and industry blogs) about current trends, concepts like the 4Ps, business strategy, organisational and consumer behaviour, social media marketing and data analytics would be a good way to show your interest.
You are probably aware of a lot of this already but I hope it helped!
Best wishes and best of luck 🙂
Holly
University of Bath
Original post by Best.Na.i
Does anyone have an advice for a student in year 12 wanting to study Management and Marketing at uni ?
Hey @best.nai.i
I hope you are doing well.
It's great to hear that you are interested to study Management and Marketing at university. I am currently a second-year Business Management student myself, and I would love to share my insights to help you prepare for university.
You have received some great advice already, just to add on:
•
Explore Business & Marketing Concepts Early – Reading books like Kotler’s Marketing Management or following industry news (e.g., Marketing Week, Harvard Business Review) can give you a head start.
•
Get Involved in Relevant Activities – Joining business-related clubs, taking on leadership roles, or even running a small project (like a social media page) can give you practical experience.
•
Consider Work Experience – If possible, try to gain insight into business environments through internships, part-time jobs, or shadowing professionals.
•
Enhance Your Public Speaking Skills – Marketing and management often require presenting ideas effectively. Participating in debate clubs, public speaking competitions, or even practicing with friends can help build confidence.
•
Develop Analytical & Communication Skills – Marketing involves both creativity and data-driven decision-making, so honing your ability to interpret trends and present ideas clearly will be valuable.
I hope this helps!
Thank you,
Akshita
University of Southampton Representative
Hello there!
It is great that you're planning ahead.
A-Levels in Business Studies, Economics, Psychology, Sociology, or Media Studies can be useful in developing analytical and communication skills relevant to marketing and business strategy.
Gaining work experience will strengthen your application and understanding of the field. Internships or part-time jobs in retail, sales, or marketing-related roles can provide insight into consumer behavior and business operations. Getting involved in extracurricular activities such as business clubs, competitions like Young Enterprise, or running a social media page can also demonstrate your passion for marketing. Starting a small business, blog, or creative project can be a great way to develop hands-on experience.
When researching universities, look for practical, career-focused courses with placement opportunities.
For example Coventry University offers strong business programs with industry connections, such as:
BA Business and Marketing - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/business-and-marketing-ba-hons/
BA Business Management - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/business-management-ba-hons/
BA Marketing - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/marketing-ba-hons/
To prepare a strong UCAS application, focus on your personal statement, emphasizing your interest in management and marketing, relevant work experience, and key skills like creativity, problem-solving, and leadership. Maintaining strong predicted grades and showcasing involvement in extracurriculars can also enhance your application.
A degree in Management and Marketing opens doors to careers in brand management, digital marketing, advertising, PR, business development, and entrepreneurship. By gaining experience, researching universities, and preparing a well-rounded application, you’ll be in a great position to succeed in this field.
I hope this helps!
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Reka - Coventry University Student Ambassador
It is great that you're planning ahead.
A-Levels in Business Studies, Economics, Psychology, Sociology, or Media Studies can be useful in developing analytical and communication skills relevant to marketing and business strategy.
Gaining work experience will strengthen your application and understanding of the field. Internships or part-time jobs in retail, sales, or marketing-related roles can provide insight into consumer behavior and business operations. Getting involved in extracurricular activities such as business clubs, competitions like Young Enterprise, or running a social media page can also demonstrate your passion for marketing. Starting a small business, blog, or creative project can be a great way to develop hands-on experience.
When researching universities, look for practical, career-focused courses with placement opportunities.
For example Coventry University offers strong business programs with industry connections, such as:
BA Business and Marketing - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/business-and-marketing-ba-hons/
BA Business Management - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/business-management-ba-hons/
BA Marketing - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/marketing-ba-hons/
To prepare a strong UCAS application, focus on your personal statement, emphasizing your interest in management and marketing, relevant work experience, and key skills like creativity, problem-solving, and leadership. Maintaining strong predicted grades and showcasing involvement in extracurriculars can also enhance your application.
A degree in Management and Marketing opens doors to careers in brand management, digital marketing, advertising, PR, business development, and entrepreneurship. By gaining experience, researching universities, and preparing a well-rounded application, you’ll be in a great position to succeed in this field.
I hope this helps!
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Reka - Coventry University Student Ambassador
Original post by Coventry University Student Ambassadors
Hello there!
It is great that you're planning ahead.
A-Levels in Business Studies, Economics, Psychology, Sociology, or Media Studies can be useful in developing analytical and communication skills relevant to marketing and business strategy.
Gaining work experience will strengthen your application and understanding of the field. Internships or part-time jobs in retail, sales, or marketing-related roles can provide insight into consumer behavior and business operations. Getting involved in extracurricular activities such as business clubs, competitions like Young Enterprise, or running a social media page can also demonstrate your passion for marketing. Starting a small business, blog, or creative project can be a great way to develop hands-on experience.
When researching universities, look for practical, career-focused courses with placement opportunities.
For example Coventry University offers strong business programs with industry connections, such as:
BA Business and Marketing - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/business-and-marketing-ba-hons/
BA Business Management - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/business-management-ba-hons/
BA Marketing - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/marketing-ba-hons/
To prepare a strong UCAS application, focus on your personal statement, emphasizing your interest in management and marketing, relevant work experience, and key skills like creativity, problem-solving, and leadership. Maintaining strong predicted grades and showcasing involvement in extracurriculars can also enhance your application.
A degree in Management and Marketing opens doors to careers in brand management, digital marketing, advertising, PR, business development, and entrepreneurship. By gaining experience, researching universities, and preparing a well-rounded application, you’ll be in a great position to succeed in this field.
I hope this helps!
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Reka - Coventry University Student Ambassador
It is great that you're planning ahead.
A-Levels in Business Studies, Economics, Psychology, Sociology, or Media Studies can be useful in developing analytical and communication skills relevant to marketing and business strategy.
Gaining work experience will strengthen your application and understanding of the field. Internships or part-time jobs in retail, sales, or marketing-related roles can provide insight into consumer behavior and business operations. Getting involved in extracurricular activities such as business clubs, competitions like Young Enterprise, or running a social media page can also demonstrate your passion for marketing. Starting a small business, blog, or creative project can be a great way to develop hands-on experience.
When researching universities, look for practical, career-focused courses with placement opportunities.
For example Coventry University offers strong business programs with industry connections, such as:
BA Business and Marketing - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/business-and-marketing-ba-hons/
BA Business Management - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/business-management-ba-hons/
BA Marketing - https://www.coventry.ac.uk/course-structure/ug/fbl/marketing-ba-hons/
To prepare a strong UCAS application, focus on your personal statement, emphasizing your interest in management and marketing, relevant work experience, and key skills like creativity, problem-solving, and leadership. Maintaining strong predicted grades and showcasing involvement in extracurriculars can also enhance your application.
A degree in Management and Marketing opens doors to careers in brand management, digital marketing, advertising, PR, business development, and entrepreneurship. By gaining experience, researching universities, and preparing a well-rounded application, you’ll be in a great position to succeed in this field.
I hope this helps!
Good luck!
Kind regards,
Reka - Coventry University Student Ambassador
Okay thank you
Original post by AGUoS
Hey @best.nai.i
I hope you are doing well.
It's great to hear that you are interested to study Management and Marketing at university. I am currently a second-year Business Management student myself, and I would love to share my insights to help you prepare for university.
You have received some great advice already, just to add on:
I hope this helps!
Thank you,
Akshita
University of Southampton Representative
I hope you are doing well.
It's great to hear that you are interested to study Management and Marketing at university. I am currently a second-year Business Management student myself, and I would love to share my insights to help you prepare for university.
You have received some great advice already, just to add on:
•
Explore Business & Marketing Concepts Early – Reading books like Kotler’s Marketing Management or following industry news (e.g., Marketing Week, Harvard Business Review) can give you a head start.
•
Get Involved in Relevant Activities – Joining business-related clubs, taking on leadership roles, or even running a small project (like a social media page) can give you practical experience.
•
Consider Work Experience – If possible, try to gain insight into business environments through internships, part-time jobs, or shadowing professionals.
•
Enhance Your Public Speaking Skills – Marketing and management often require presenting ideas effectively. Participating in debate clubs, public speaking competitions, or even practicing with friends can help build confidence.
•
Develop Analytical & Communication Skills – Marketing involves both creativity and data-driven decision-making, so honing your ability to interpret trends and present ideas clearly will be valuable.
I hope this helps!
Thank you,
Akshita
University of Southampton Representative
Ok thank you
Hi @Best.Na.i ,
It's great to see that you're already looking at all your options and there's so much good advice on this thread already!
To add to the great responses you've already got, I'd say that you also want to consider that digital marketing is ultimately a business discipline - our BSc (Hons) Digital Marketing (2-year degree) sits in our Business School and provides an exciting and comprehensive overview of all aspects of marketing in an increasingly digital world.
By completing your degree in two years at Buckingham, you also get the chance to enter the workplace quicker, start earning faster, and impress employers with your commitment to learning a highly in-demand skillset in a whole year less than your peers. It also means you can continue to study professional qualifications or a masters in the same time as most people are completing their undergraduate degree.
There are so many routes to follow to study digital marketing and it's important to remember that you will always be learning new things in this discipline - even if you end up working in it for 20+ years! It's a dynamic, exciting industry to work in and we wish you the absolute best for your future!
If you have further questions, our Admissions team would be delighted to hear from you and to help – you can contact them at [email protected].
Tegan – University of Buckingham Business, Humanities, Social Sciences Rep
It's great to see that you're already looking at all your options and there's so much good advice on this thread already!
To add to the great responses you've already got, I'd say that you also want to consider that digital marketing is ultimately a business discipline - our BSc (Hons) Digital Marketing (2-year degree) sits in our Business School and provides an exciting and comprehensive overview of all aspects of marketing in an increasingly digital world.
By completing your degree in two years at Buckingham, you also get the chance to enter the workplace quicker, start earning faster, and impress employers with your commitment to learning a highly in-demand skillset in a whole year less than your peers. It also means you can continue to study professional qualifications or a masters in the same time as most people are completing their undergraduate degree.
There are so many routes to follow to study digital marketing and it's important to remember that you will always be learning new things in this discipline - even if you end up working in it for 20+ years! It's a dynamic, exciting industry to work in and we wish you the absolute best for your future!
If you have further questions, our Admissions team would be delighted to hear from you and to help – you can contact them at [email protected].
Tegan – University of Buckingham Business, Humanities, Social Sciences Rep
Original post by UOBuckinghamBHSS
Hi @Best.Na.i ,
It's great to see that you're already looking at all your options and there's so much good advice on this thread already!
To add to the great responses you've already got, I'd say that you also want to consider that digital marketing is ultimately a business discipline - our BSc (Hons) Digital Marketing (2-year degree) sits in our Business School and provides an exciting and comprehensive overview of all aspects of marketing in an increasingly digital world.
By completing your degree in two years at Buckingham, you also get the chance to enter the workplace quicker, start earning faster, and impress employers with your commitment to learning a highly in-demand skillset in a whole year less than your peers. It also means you can continue to study professional qualifications or a masters in the same time as most people are completing their undergraduate degree.
There are so many routes to follow to study digital marketing and it's important to remember that you will always be learning new things in this discipline - even if you end up working in it for 20+ years! It's a dynamic, exciting industry to work in and we wish you the absolute best for your future!
If you have further questions, our Admissions team would be delighted to hear from you and to help – you can contact them at [email protected].
Tegan – University of Buckingham Business, Humanities, Social Sciences Rep
It's great to see that you're already looking at all your options and there's so much good advice on this thread already!
To add to the great responses you've already got, I'd say that you also want to consider that digital marketing is ultimately a business discipline - our BSc (Hons) Digital Marketing (2-year degree) sits in our Business School and provides an exciting and comprehensive overview of all aspects of marketing in an increasingly digital world.
By completing your degree in two years at Buckingham, you also get the chance to enter the workplace quicker, start earning faster, and impress employers with your commitment to learning a highly in-demand skillset in a whole year less than your peers. It also means you can continue to study professional qualifications or a masters in the same time as most people are completing their undergraduate degree.
There are so many routes to follow to study digital marketing and it's important to remember that you will always be learning new things in this discipline - even if you end up working in it for 20+ years! It's a dynamic, exciting industry to work in and we wish you the absolute best for your future!
If you have further questions, our Admissions team would be delighted to hear from you and to help – you can contact them at [email protected].
Tegan – University of Buckingham Business, Humanities, Social Sciences Rep
Thank youu
Hey!
Emily here, from Essex Business School. I've given a few points below about what we offer at Essex so hopefully this will support in understanding what to look for across different Marketing Management courses.
1. A Well-Rounded Course
You won’t just learn about marketing—you’ll get a solid foundation in business too. The first year covers a bit of everything, like finance, management, and economics, so you can see how marketing fits into the bigger picture. As you progress, you’ll dive deeper into areas like digital marketing, branding, and consumer behaviour.
2. A Great Learning Environment
Essex Business School has a modern, eco-friendly building with great study spaces, breakout areas for group work, and even a winter garden for a bit of peace when you need it.
3. Boost Your CV with Professional Recognition & Accreditations
The course is accredited by The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), which means you can work towards extra professional qualifications while you study—something that could give you an edge when applying for jobs.
4. Real-World Experience
Essex offers the option to study abroad or do a placement year, giving you hands-on experience and an international perspective. Whether you work for a company or study in another country, both options can make you stand out to future employers.
5. Career Support & Connections
The university has a strong careers team that can help with CVs, interview prep, and finding work experience. There are also networking events where you can meet businesses and marketing professionals to start building connections for your future career.
Let me know if you have any further questions. 😊
Emily here, from Essex Business School. I've given a few points below about what we offer at Essex so hopefully this will support in understanding what to look for across different Marketing Management courses.
1. A Well-Rounded Course
You won’t just learn about marketing—you’ll get a solid foundation in business too. The first year covers a bit of everything, like finance, management, and economics, so you can see how marketing fits into the bigger picture. As you progress, you’ll dive deeper into areas like digital marketing, branding, and consumer behaviour.
2. A Great Learning Environment
Essex Business School has a modern, eco-friendly building with great study spaces, breakout areas for group work, and even a winter garden for a bit of peace when you need it.
3. Boost Your CV with Professional Recognition & Accreditations
The course is accredited by The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), which means you can work towards extra professional qualifications while you study—something that could give you an edge when applying for jobs.
4. Real-World Experience
Essex offers the option to study abroad or do a placement year, giving you hands-on experience and an international perspective. Whether you work for a company or study in another country, both options can make you stand out to future employers.
5. Career Support & Connections
The university has a strong careers team that can help with CVs, interview prep, and finding work experience. There are also networking events where you can meet businesses and marketing professionals to start building connections for your future career.
Let me know if you have any further questions. 😊
Original post by EssexEBS
Hey!
Emily here, from Essex Business School. I've given a few points below about what we offer at Essex so hopefully this will support in understanding what to look for across different Marketing Management courses.
1. A Well-Rounded Course
You won’t just learn about marketing—you’ll get a solid foundation in business too. The first year covers a bit of everything, like finance, management, and economics, so you can see how marketing fits into the bigger picture. As you progress, you’ll dive deeper into areas like digital marketing, branding, and consumer behaviour.
2. A Great Learning Environment
Essex Business School has a modern, eco-friendly building with great study spaces, breakout areas for group work, and even a winter garden for a bit of peace when you need it.
3. Boost Your CV with Professional Recognition & Accreditations
The course is accredited by The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), which means you can work towards extra professional qualifications while you study—something that could give you an edge when applying for jobs.
4. Real-World Experience
Essex offers the option to study abroad or do a placement year, giving you hands-on experience and an international perspective. Whether you work for a company or study in another country, both options can make you stand out to future employers.
5. Career Support & Connections
The university has a strong careers team that can help with CVs, interview prep, and finding work experience. There are also networking events where you can meet businesses and marketing professionals to start building connections for your future career.
Let me know if you have any further questions. 😊
Emily here, from Essex Business School. I've given a few points below about what we offer at Essex so hopefully this will support in understanding what to look for across different Marketing Management courses.
1. A Well-Rounded Course
You won’t just learn about marketing—you’ll get a solid foundation in business too. The first year covers a bit of everything, like finance, management, and economics, so you can see how marketing fits into the bigger picture. As you progress, you’ll dive deeper into areas like digital marketing, branding, and consumer behaviour.
2. A Great Learning Environment
Essex Business School has a modern, eco-friendly building with great study spaces, breakout areas for group work, and even a winter garden for a bit of peace when you need it.
3. Boost Your CV with Professional Recognition & Accreditations
The course is accredited by The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), which means you can work towards extra professional qualifications while you study—something that could give you an edge when applying for jobs.
4. Real-World Experience
Essex offers the option to study abroad or do a placement year, giving you hands-on experience and an international perspective. Whether you work for a company or study in another country, both options can make you stand out to future employers.
5. Career Support & Connections
The university has a strong careers team that can help with CVs, interview prep, and finding work experience. There are also networking events where you can meet businesses and marketing professionals to start building connections for your future career.
Let me know if you have any further questions. 😊
Thankss
Quick Reply
Related discussions
- univeristy of hertfordshire
- Sfe
- SFE
- Students search
- Obtaining a masters loans for postgraduate study after spending time abroad
- Maintenance loan eligibility for Undergraduate Medicine as a graduate
- Which uni is the best marketing degree
- Marketing vs Events Management
- Marketing - is it a career, or just a job.
- Pls help - which business course to choose
- Marketing degree vs cim
- Business
- international business or marketing?
- Applying for an extra year of funding via Comepelling Personal Reasons, ASD
- What marketing course to do at Lancaster Uni?
- Lancaster 2024 Marketing
- Advice with uni choices
- Apprenticeships, Internships, and Interviews – Marketing
- The raw experience of a marketing student
- Business management or business management with marketing
Latest
Trending
Last reply 9 hours ago
is history a good degree to have if i wish to go into marketing?Last reply 1 month ago
Anyone got any offers from UCL Kings or Bath yet? UndergradLast reply 2 months ago
Royal Holloway or Uni of Bath for Business and Management
