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Edexcel electricity question

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Firstly, why can we use the transmission current to find P, but the transmission voltage? I think I've reached a way to understand it but don't think is accurate. Assuming that the transmission system acts as a series circuit, where all the homes are in series, the transmission voltage is the terminal p.d., so it is distributed among the houses and copper cables, so the p.d. in the 1.05km cable cannot be the whole transmission voltage, but it can be the transmission current as it stays constant in a series circuit. But thinking it this way might not be correct as a google search says that transmission systems are not in series.

Second, why is the power calculated equal to the energy dissipated as heat? I initially thought that I would find the power dissipated by substracting it from the transmission power and finding the difference.
(edited 2 months ago)

Reply 1

Original post by cultivated-exhib
Screenshot 2025-02-22 131613.png
Screenshot 2025-02-22 125055.png
Firstly, why can we use the transmission current to find P, but the transmission voltage? I think I've reached a way to understand it but don't think is accurate. Assuming that the transmission system acts as a series circuit, where all the homes are in series, the transmission voltage is the terminal p.d., so it is distributed among the houses and copper cables, so the p.d. in the 1.05km cable cannot be the whole transmission voltage, but it can be the transmission current as it stays constant in a series circuit. But thinking it this way might not be correct as a google search says that transmission systems are not in series.
Second, why is the power calculated equal to the energy dissipated as heat? I initially thought that I would find the power dissipated by substracting it from the transmission power and finding the difference.

The question looks straightforward

Power in = Power out (to houses etc.) + Power lost

We are only interested in the power lost which we calculate from I^2R, R being the resistance of the power lines

We get I from the input power and voltage, we get R using resistivity etc..

The output power is irrelevant
Original post by cultivated-exhib
Screenshot 2025-02-22 131613.png
Screenshot 2025-02-22 125055.png
Firstly, why can we use the transmission current to find P, but the transmission voltage? I think I've reached a way to understand it but don't think is accurate. Assuming that the transmission system acts as a series circuit, where all the homes are in series, the transmission voltage is the terminal p.d., so it is distributed among the houses and copper cables, so the p.d. in the 1.05km cable cannot be the whole transmission voltage, but it can be the transmission current as it stays constant in a series circuit. But thinking it this way might not be correct as a google search says that transmission systems are not in series.

Second, why is the power calculated equal to the energy dissipated as heat? I initially thought that I would find the power dissipated by subtracting it from the transmission power and finding the difference.


Indeed, the transmission line is far more complicated than what you have modelled. However, you are not required to model the transmission correctly at A level as you still don’t have the knowledge to do so.
At A-level, you approach what you have described. I would take an even simple (incorrect model in real life) model.

Model the problem as a simple dc circuit with 2 resistors (R1 and R2) connected in series with a battery.
R1 is the resistance of the transmission lines and R2 is the “resistance” of the household while the battery is power station.
The transmission p.d. is the battery’s p.d. across the 2 resistors and the transmission current is the current in R1 and R2 and we are not given the resistance of R2 which means we cannot do the subtraction method that you mention in your second question.

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