BTEC exams - cheating

I take BTEC law with 2 other A levels. In BTEC law, for you exams, you are only allowed to take 2 sides of A4 into the exams.

What happens if you bring in additional papers to guide you ? how heavy are the sanctions ?

or in general what happens if you cheat in btec exams ? do you get disqualified from the whole course? or just that specific exam ?

ps: not cheating just curious

BTECs are covered by JCQ's Suspected Malpractice Policies and Procedures.
What you're describing will be covered by the offence of "Introduction of unauthorised material into the examination room". If you just "bring in additional papers" which are relevant to the subject, then the sanction is "loss of all marks gained for a section / component / unit".
That's just for bringing the offending notes into the examination room. If there is a "deliberate attempt to gain an advantage" or "evidence of use", then any of the following sanctions could be applied:
• disqualification from the unit;
• disqualification from all units in one or more qualifications taken in that series or academic year;
• disqualification from the whole qualification;
• disqualification from all qualifications taken in that series or academic year; or
• barred from entering for examinations for a set period of time.
So, the sanctions are fairly heavy.

So lets say you get a pass in that unit, but you retook that unit that you brought the papers into

So in this scenario, you sat the exam, took unauthorised papers/notes in with you, were caught cheating, but were awarded a pass in that unit. Then you attempted to resit it on a later date. Is this the scenario we're talking about?
Is this a real scenario? The reason I ask is that if you'd been caught cheating, then according to the document I linked to above, the sanction would have been "loss of all marks gained for a section / component / unit". So in this hypothetical scenario, you'd have lost all marks for the unit and so not been awarded a grade of any kind.
Given that your scenario has the student getting a pass, either I just have misunderstood your scenario, or the sanction must have been only a loss of some marks. Which is it?

The student has already taken the unit 3 exam and achieved a pass grade.The student is required to take the exam again. In the exam that the student was required to take again is caught cheating.

Well, that would depend on the severity of the cheating. If it was "Introduction of unauthorised material into the examination room" without a "deliberate attempt to gain an advantage" or "evidence of use", then you'd lose all the marks for the resit and the original pass would stand.
However, if it was considered to be deliberate or there was "evidence of use" of the unauthorised material, then the more severe sanctions would apply, the minimum of which is "disqualification from the unit".
I would expect (and hope) that this would apply to the original attempt at the unit too, so your original pass would "vanish", but I don't know that for a fact.

So a structure guide would be a minor offence and a sheet with quotes would be a major

According to the document I linked to above, if you are in possession of "notes/annotations [which] are relevant and give an unfair advantage", then you lose all marks for the unit. If you "deliberate
attempt to gain an advantage" or there is "evidence of use", then you're disqualified.
Would you agree that the structure guide is relevant, and would give someone using is an unfair advantage? If so, then the question becomes about whether you were deliberately in possession of it and/or whether there is evidence of you actually using it.
Clearly this is not a hypothetical situation. So what actually happened?

Ok fine.
We have this really bad teacher who doesn't know how to deliver a BTEC, he’s foreign too. We just read off the board. We don't do any practice so therefore we don't know the structure for the exam. So along with the 2 sides of A4 i had another A4 which had the structure and a law quote. I already passed unit 3 but they forced me to resit. But they never saw me using it, the invigilator saw it at the end when he was collecting it. Surely i would only lose marks for that specific exam right ?

Well, it doesn't sound like it meets the threshold for "evidence of use", so it depends on whether the exam board reach the conclusion that you were in possession of it by accident, or because there was a "deliberate attempt to gain an advantage". I don't know how they reach that conclusion, but suspect it will be primarily down to how the invigilator reported the incident.