Here is my guesses!
I think for democracy it could be:
Issue 1- Alternative Systems of Governance for Scotland - It's only come up 3 times in the past 5 years (including the 2021 assessment paper) and it wasn't used in 2024
Issue 2- Implications of Leaving the EU - It only came up once in the 2021 Assessment essay where it asked how the arguments for Brexit are more convincing than the ones against.
Issue 5- Voting Behaviour - It could also come up because it's only been used 3 times in the past 5 years, and it was not used in 2024 as well. The only thing that puts me off this is that it was used 3 times in a row (2021, 2022, and 2023) so there might be a longer break between that and it being asked again.
Issue 6- Pressure Groups - It's only come up 3 times and they have been relatively spread out. However, it was used in 2024 so there might be a break between it being asked again.
For Crime:
Issue 1- Legal Theories - It's only been used 2 times in the last 5 years (2023 and 2022), and it was not used last year
Issue 3- Impact of Crime on Victims, Families, and Offenders - (More specifically Family) - It's also only been used 2 times and it was not asked last year. Impact on victims was asked in 2019 and impact on offenders was asked in 2023 so it's only logical that there is a question on family impact.
USA (World Powers): I think it is likely that this is where the 12 marker will be. In the last 5 years, there has only been 1 12 marker given to this section and it was in the 2021 assessment paper so it's not even technically an exam
Issue 2- Dominance of Political Institution - It's only been asked 2 times in the last 5 years, and it was not used in the 2024 exam last year.
Issue 4 - Responses to Inequality - It's only been asked 2 times in the last 5 years and one of these instances was in the 2021 paper.
My neighbour is a modern studies teacher and she can't decide between Issue 1, 2, 5, and 6 for democracy, and Issue 2, 3, 4, and 5 for USA (lowkey this might just be her way of getting me to study bc that's like all the topics lmao)