I was half asleep when I wrote this so if it doesn't make sense don't laugh
Explore how Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a loyal character.
In the eponymous tragic play 'Macbeth', Shakespeare presents the titular character as possessing contrasting attributes such as loyalty and deceit to showcase how Macbeth, like many tragic 'heroes' are never just one thing set in stone. Shakespeare writes the play in the Jacobean era, after the unsuccessful but infamous Gunpowder plot to let Jacobean audiences explore the mind of a truly complex character in order to deal with the complexities surrounding them.
In this extract, Shakespeare presents Macbeth as loyal through the positive ways that others react to him and describe him. In the line "brave Macbeth", Shakespeare uses the adjective "brave" to imply that Macbeth is noble and dedicated to his goal of serving the king. This is further backed by the simile "like valor's minion" as it suggests that Macbeth is loyal to bravery and strength itself in the same way that he is loyal to the king. This is also supported by the king's own songs of praise for Macbeth when he cries "o valiant cousin, worthy gentleman!" as it suggests to a Jacobean audience, that would believe in the hierarchy of the great chain of being, that Macbeth is deserving of this praise and admiration because of his commitment and loyalty to the king as seen not only by his excellent performance on the battlefield but by his close and personal relationship to Duncan as suggested by them being "cousins". Shakespeare may have intentionally written them to be related to make it more heartbreaking and merciless when Macbeth's cruel intentions come to light. He also uses some slight foreshadowing in the metaphor "smoked with bloody execution" as it uses the motif of "blood" -that occurs later in the play- in a positive light to signal how two things can be true at the same time- Macbeth can be unbelievably loyal and ruthless for the greater good but he can also be merciless and tyrannical as seen later in the play when he eventually usurps power.
Another way that Shakespeare presents Macbeth as loyal is through the contrast between deceitful characters such as the former Thane of Cawdor. In the extract, the former Thane is described as "merciless Macdonwald" and the alliteration implies that the former Thane was evil and cruel as plotted deliberately against the king. A Jacobean audience member would immediately draw parallels to the then recent Gunpowder plot and other acts of treason against the king and would be put off by the Thane's character and would want to support someone like Macbeth instead. However, in Act 1 scene 4 during the dinner at Duncan's home, Duncan describes the former Thane as "a gentleman on whom he'd built an absolute trust" suggesting that the king, who would have been considered to be chosen by God to a Jacobean audience and therefore whose opinion would matter the most, still views the traitor in a semi-positive light. Shakespeare includes this declarative to emphasise Duncan's goodness and to also suggest that Macbeth's loyalty that was so rewarded could actually be in vain as Macbeth could be an equivocator and could eventually lead to Macbeth's betrayal of Duncan.
Shakespeare also portrays Macbeth as loyal through the way he questions himself after coming up with the plan to murder Duncan. After being told by the witches that he will be king, Macbeth immediately gives into temptation as suggested by the line "you imperfect speakers, tell me more" and this is further developed into more evil thoughts of regicide after Duncan names Malcolm to be his heir in Act 1 Scene 4 as he claims that he(Malcolm) is "a step in his path". However, Shakespeare uses the imperative metaphor "stars, hide your fires" when Macbeth concocts these thoughts to express that he is still in possession of some shred of loyalty to the king. This idea is further developed in Act 1 scene 5 when Lady Macbeth monologues about Macbeth being "too full of the milk of human kindness" to go through with the plan of killing the king. Shakespeare uses the noun "milk" as it symbolises child-like innocence as it is the first thing consumed when born. Shakespeare could also be trying to foreshadow Macbeth's downfall, one that every tragic hero has that is caused by their hamartia. While Lady Macbeth proclaims that kindness is Macbeth's fatal flaw, Shakespeare is trying to say that Macbeth's "vaulting ambition" is the thing that will lead to his downfall. Macbeth's loyalty is overridden by his fatal flaw and by the play itself as suggested by the bell ringing before he kills the king in Act 2 Scene 1, the "knell that invites him to heaven or to hell" as it literally stops his train of thought that could have stopped him from committing the act that changes his fate forever.
Macbeth is a play that Shakespeare writes to explore the themes of betrayal and secrecy and evil which capitalises on Jacobean fears such as equivocation and witchcraft. Shakespeare does this to expose the audience to the inner almagamations of a murderer from the point of view of a typical tragic hero.