A2 AQA Geography 3A Summer 2012

I find this quite hard too, I think with regards to management it means things like building quake-proof houses and having monitoring stations, and with response it's things like what the Government do to try and re-build cities etc. and also like with Mount Etna how they tried to stop the lava flow... I think! If anyone else has any ideas that would be great

Thanks aha , I kinda thought by response they meant what they did ''immediately'' after the event and in the future as well such as building earthquake proof care units like they did in California after the 1994 quake :s

hey if you like plate tectonic theory can you explain it to me?! i reallllyy dont understand it at all and would be screwed if the essay came up but i really want to do the tectonics essay!! thanks x

Hey, sorry but I keep thinking up questions to ask!

Anyway, I was just wondering, but in World Cities, when it says in the spec "Decentralisation of retailing and other services" I just have to double check that this means where retailing is now more outside the city centre due to increased mobility etc etc? thanks

Tsunamis will never be 40 marker.

Not enough for theory.

Don't have to learn case studies for tsunamis.

If it is only oceanic crust that is created (at ocean ridges) and destroyed (at trenches) then how comes rift valleys can form at continental crust, such as the Great African Rift valley? confuseddd

Erm... it's a pretty extensive thing to explain in a forum post, but I'll try to summarise it plate tectonics is basically the theory that the Earth's crust is not stationary and permanent, but rather made up of plates. Up until about 100 years ago it was generally considered that the arrangement of the Earth - the layout of the continents and the oceans, is as it was when the Earth was formed and has never changed, but plate tectonics suggests the continents actually move over very long timescales. The theory is underpinned by the fact that there are two types of crust - continental crust which is thick, buoyant and 'old' (ie. it was formed billions of years ago) which floats on top of the mantle, and oceanic crust which is thin, dense and 'new'. Heat produced deep inside the Earth due to energy left over from its formation as well as radioactive material creates convection cells in the mantle - hot mantle rises and sinks as it cools down creating loops of moving mantle, and the moving mantle drags along the crust above it. Where two convection cells meet and diverge at the crust, you get a divergent plate boundary, it is here that oceanic crust is formed when it rises through the gap, which is why oceanic crust is 'new'. Because the earth is not changing in size, this means that there are boundaries where plates converge, and material is destroyed. The clearest example of diverging plates on Earth (ie. sea floor spreading) is in the Atlantic ocean, which is why the left and right sides of the Atlantic appear to fit together (especially Africa & S. America), because they were actually together at some point. Conversely there is destruction on the other side of the world, notably at the Marianas trench in south-east Asia where the Pacific plate is subducting beneath the Philippine plate, and also on the west coast of S. America where the Nazca plate is subducting beneath the S. American plate.

I hope this explanation is OK and has helped, it's purely from memory so feel free to correct me anyone if I've made some factual errors. (and apologies for the lack of paragraphs, I suck at paragraphing)

Erm... it's a pretty extensive thing to explain in a forum post, but I'll try to summarise it plate tectonics is basically the theory that the Earth's crust is not stationary and permanent, but rather made up of plates. Up until about 100 years ago it was generally considered that the arrangement of the Earth - the layout of the continents and the oceans, is as it was when the Earth was formed and has never changed, but plate tectonics suggests the continents actually move over very long timescales. The theory is underpinned by the fact that there are two types of crust - continental crust which is thick, buoyant and 'old' (ie. it was formed billions of years ago) which floats on top of the mantle, and oceanic crust which is thin, dense and 'new'. Heat produced deep inside the Earth due to energy left over from its formation as well as radioactive material creates convection cells in the mantle - hot mantle rises and sinks as it cools down creating loops of moving mantle, and the moving mantle drags along the crust above it. Where two convection cells meet and diverge at the crust, you get a divergent plate boundary, it is here that oceanic crust is formed when it rises through the gap, which is why oceanic crust is 'new'. Because the earth is not changing in size, this means that there are boundaries where plates converge, and material is destroyed. The clearest example of diverging plates on Earth (ie. sea floor spreading) is in the Atlantic ocean, which is why the left and right sides of the Atlantic appear to fit together (especially Africa & S. America), because they were actually together at some point. Conversely there is destruction on the other side of the world, notably at the Marianas trench in south-east Asia where the Pacific plate is subducting beneath the Philippine plate, and also on the west coast of S. America where the Nazca plate is subducting beneath the S. American plate.

I hope this explanation is OK and has helped, it's purely from memory so feel free to correct me anyone if I've made some factual errors. (and apologies for the lack of paragraphs, I suck at paragraphing)

How would you use this in an essay and apply case studies? I get the theory but dont understand how you could write 40 marks

thanks you're so lucky to have all that from memory!! haha xx

If anyone's looking for topics that haven't come up yet then i found this list on here from a while ago...


Things that haven’t come up YET.....

tectonics:
intrusive activity, tsunamis, landforms at plate boundaries, convection currents, palaeomagnetism, types of volcanoes and associated hazards, management of volcanic hazards

Is this things like Island arcs at oceanic/ oceanic and ocean trenches and fold mountains and continental/oceanic?

weather:
atmospheric circulation and surface winds, climate of UK, tropical climate (monsoon/ savanna), tropical revolving storms (causes, impact, management, responses), evidence for and causes of global warming

For Monsoon, would you use India and how the different heating of the land/sea provides different amounts of rainfall etc?


development and globalisation:
patterns of production, distribution and consumption; initial growth of NICs; growth in the 21st century (BRICs); trade and aid.

I'm pretty sure I saw you explain this to somebody else but does anybody been taught an indepth case study on this?

Think this worked

Does anyone have a copy of the Jan 2012 paper?

Also I'm bricking it for this exam! I do Development and Globalisation (has to be a structured question) and then Ecosystems and Plate Tectonics/Hazards

Up early to revise this bad boy!