Geography A2 Edexcel Unit 3 HELP

can anyone give me examples where there's cooperation between countries for energy security?

i have a strong feeling that for the topic bridging the development gap something to do with trade and investment might come up for part b - has never come up before

Here are some questions if your stuck..

a) Explain the impact climate change has on the Arctic region
a) Explain the contributions humans have had on the deterioration of the Arctic
a) Explain the importance of biodiversity in the Arctic region

b) Assess the economic, political and environmental importance of the Arctic region
b) Evaluate the impact of melting sea ice on the exploitation/ exploration of the Arctic
b) Evaluate the costs and benefits of developing industry in the Arctic

c) Study the 3 options in figure 9, assess their possible impact on the future of the Arctic
c) Study the 3 options in figure 9, assess the advantages and disadvantages of each one
c) Examine the management approaches shown in figure 9, assess the contribution they may make to a more sustainable future for the Arctic.

I am telling you - you will get an A*. Anyways, I have another question:

How do you apply theoretical frameworks such as dependency theory and worlds systems theory in superpowers? Like changes in patterns of superpower status or maintenance power?

Oh okay for Tech Fix

What are some case studies for this part of the specification:

i) The externalities of technology are accounted for in some economies but not in others, with contrasting consequences for human and ecosystem well being

And what would say about the future of technology? Is it going to be a business as usual,convergent one or a peripheral one?

how is the arctic council in favour for USA?

That'd be lovely... we'd be able to talk about the role of IGOs like the World Bank, World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund etc. in relation to the poverty cycle (vicious and virtuous) and FDI (foreign direct investment) - the way it provides a short term economic boost to bridge the gap, but does not in the long term encourage independent economic growth. It's also a form of tied aid which limits development, furthering the underdevelopment of nations, which allows America to maintain its superpower status, as per the Dependency Theory.

You've also got the role of NGOs, such as World Renew (previously the Christian Reformed World Relief Committee) operating in Ethiopia, providing local communities with micro-loans and donations to boost the community's economy and standard of living, bridging the gap between the richest and poorest in society. Also, skills training (education) is provided to boost employment opportunities, with alternative farming methods being taught to encourage self-sufficiency in generating financial capital, and counselling services to provide healthcare. This is a long-term solution and helps the local people directly, eliminating the potential for corruption that can be experienced with major loans from IGOs that are given to corrupt governments, such as that of Zimbabwe.

You can talk about the disparity in financial capital relating to trade. For example, political unions and trade agreements such as NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and the European Union act as a common market, reducing tariffs and giving greater benefits for member states, encouraging deregulation, privatisation and the greater acceptance of Capitalism and the neo-liberal philosophy that seeks to make the richer richer, and the poor poorer. Non-member states such as those in Africa (Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia etc.) seek to involve themselves in international trade but find themselves unable to compete due to these trade blocs.

Edit - TNCs also help to bridge the gap by providing employment (McDonald's in African nations/Nike in India), investment in relevant industries and higher wages. They encourage competitiveness, but limit the ability of local communities to dictate prices as the TNC is stronger and more powerful, selling their products at a far cheaper price, which can eliminate many small localised businesses. On the other hand, the TNC can also be seen as an exploitative entity, seeking to maximise profits by outsourcing their business to these less developed countries. They usually pay their workers the bare minimum and generally do not adhere to Fair Trade practices, although this is beginning to change, and will continue to do so in the future.

bribery... It is not hard to see how big TNC's such as Exxon Mobil and Chevron are able to bribe USA's government in order to access certain land (ANWR) in order to extract oil.

Another thing is that there is 8 members (8 countries) in the Arctic council... So there is likely for favouritism to occur.

arctic people (all)
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/12/polar-bears-eat-dolphins-as-arctic-warms

Hi, Could someone please explain the GAP Turkey water project please?

god bless you

The scary thing is that I was going over everything yesterday and I felt like I didn't understand any of it, but everything just sort of comes to me when I get asked a question. I haven't had time to practise any past papers or anything, so I'm terrified for the exam tomorrow. I just need to pull off at least a C grade in the paper, and then do the same in the Unit 4 exam to get a B overall, which is all I need for university, at least in terms of Geography.

arctic people (all)
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/12/polar-bears-eat-dolphins-as-arctic-warms