Capacitors

Technically what the mark scheme has done there will give you the ratio of time spent charging the capacitor to the time spent collecting the solar power, multiplied by the solar energy collected.

In my opinion it's a very lazy solution to have in the mark scheme.
If you do the algebra you can see that it's true though:

The output power of the solar cells is equal to the energy they produce, per unit time. Normally that unit time is 1 second, but it makes it easier here to just leave it in terms of energy/time.

So P₁ = E₁/t₁

We're told that the input power to the capacitor, is 5% of the solar cells output power.

Let's call the capacitor input power P₂

So P₁ = 20*P₂

The capacitor input power is then equal to the energy (work done) by charging the capacitor (E₂), divided by the time taken to charge it (t₂).

so P₂ = E₂/t₂

combine the equations: E₁/t₁ = 20*(E₂/t₂)

therefore t₂/t₁ = (230*20)/10,000

Hope this helps

I'm slightly confused on how you got the twenty everything else seemed good i prefer algebra way shows more working making it easier to understand.

Just by reading his answer alone, it was mentioned that 'the input power to the capacitor, is 5% of the solar cells output power'.

Thus the solar cells output power is 20 times greater than the input power to the capacitor. Hence, $P_1$ is the solar cells output power, etc etc.

Not familiar with the maths :/ whats the conversion method from 5% to 20?

I think you're over complicating things.

If you have 5% of A, then you have 0.05A.

If we say, B is 5% of A, then $B = 0.05A$, or $A = 20B$