Chem topic 17 question help

Hey can someone explain questions 1, 5,8 and 11 to me please. Here is the link with the questions.

https://pmt.physicsandmathstutor.com/download/Chemistry/A-level/Topic-Qs/Edexcel/17-Organic-Chemistry-II/Set-F/Chirality%20(Multiple%20Choice)%20QP.pdf

Thanks

Reply 1

Dechante

Question 1a) Would be D because optical isomerism has to contain four different groups on the C atom and the rest only show three. For example, on D the first carbon has one group of CH3, the second carbon has one group which is OH and another is H, the third C is HCHCHH. This means that their are four groups and all are different and so you look for asymmetric molecules (they don't look the same in the mirror)

b) C as this shows cis-trans. This can be hard to explain over this but essentially the H group can be on the same side or the opposite side. This is hard to explain so here's the link https://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/isomerism/geometric.html

c) this wasn't learnt on my exam board sorry

d) C only primary and secondary alcohols are oxidised into carboxylic acid which both X and Y show

Before I help you anymore I would recommend going on chemguide and reading about optical isomerism as it seems like that's the questions you're struggling with. My tip is drawing them out from their molecular formula to their structural. Also look up Allery Chemistry on YouTube to look at it visually!