Edexcel A2 Clinical psychology treatments - Notes
Compare and contrast the cognitive and behavioural approaches to treatment. (12M).
The cognitive approach uses a treatment called rational emotive therapy whilst the behavioural approach uses Systematic desensitisation. The aim of the RET is to change patterns of irrational thinking & replace them with more rational thinking patterns. Systematic desensitisation focuses on unlearning the behaviour and replacing it with a new response. Systematic desensitisation is useful for treating Phobias, whilst RET can treat Anorexia. Both treatments rely on Nurture, in helping with the treatment. Both believe that abnormality is linked with an early or even any experience. The cognitive approach believes it stems from early experiences causing a faulty schema, whilst the behavioural approach links it to the environment and classical/operant conditioning. Both treatments acknowledge the important role of the therapist. In RET, the therapist acts as a teacher and tries to challenge the patient. In Systematic desensitisation, the therapist guides the client through the steps which eventually lead to being desensitised to the fearful situation. The behavioural treatment is scientific, whilst the cognitive therapy is Non-scientific. Furthermore the behavioural approach is Idiographic, therefore the treatment applies to only the individual, and is therefore different to every patient. Rational emotive therapy is Nomothetic so it is more of a general treatment which can be applied universally. Systematic desensitisation focuses on changing behaviour, whilst RET focuses on changing thoughts. The behavioural treatment emphasises the importance of relaxing whilst RET is a challenging treatment so is more intense. Both treatments look at the present.