Edexcel A2 6GP03 June 2015 Topic B: Introducing Political Ideologies

For that question I just outlined four differences differences that affect ones freedom;

Classical vs Modern

Negative vs Positive Freedom (Isaiah Berlin)
Free market (Adam Smith) vs Mixed Economy (John Keynes)
Egotistical Individualism (Jeremy Bentham) vs Developmental Individualism (JS Mill)
Social Darwinism (Herbert Spenser) vs Welfare (John Rawls)

In conclusion, Minimal State vs Enabling state

The relationship between liberalism and equality has been a matter of deep debate.
Liberals themselves have placed considerable stress on equality, while their critics,
particularly socialists, portray liberalism as essentially inegalitarian. Much of this debate
is about the importance of different forms of equality.
• The egalitarian credentials of liberalism are based upon a strong belief in foundational
and formal equality. Liberals believe that people are ‘born’ equal in the sense that they
are of equal moral worth. Foundational equality implies a belief in formal equality, the
idea that individuals should enjoy the same formal status in society, particularly in terms
of the distribution of rights and entitlements. The most important forms of formal
equality are legal and political equality, ensured by ‘equality before the law’ and a
system of one person, one vote at election time. In addition, liberals believe in equality
of opportunity, the idea that each person should have the same chance to rise or fall in
society. The game of life must thus be played on an even playing field.
• However, there is disagreement within liberalism about the implications of equality of
opportunity. Classical liberals believe that a free-market economy guarantees equality of
opportunity, also believing that there are benefits in the resulting social inequality. In
particular, unlike individuals who should be rewarded differently and significant levels of
social inequality act as an economic incentive, ultimately bringing benefit to all. Modern
liberals, on the other hand, favour intervention, through welfare and redistribution, to
narrow social inequalities, thereby linking equality of opportunity to a greater measure of
equality of outcome. For Rawls, social inequality was only justified if it worked to the
advantage of the least well-off.
• Liberalism has been criticised by socialists, who believe that it is inadequately committed
to equality. The socialist critique of the liberal view of equality emphasises that a
commitment to foundational and formal equality is hollow if individuals enjoy very
different social circumstances and therefore life chances. Similarly, socialists have
criticised the doctrine of equality of opportunity on the grounds that it is used to
legitimise sometimes wide social inequalities.

Is anyone else totally NOT PREPARED for the next politics exams?

I have every past paper question on a document and planning to answer them all before friday... and then I will post them on here.

What books does everyone think is best to use, I have the Andew Heywood Political ideologies 'An introduction' and the normal endorsed text book.

You and me both pal 😂 I'm planning on answering all past essay Qs but not whole essays just plans it helped me in unit 3! And i have those books also and a revision guide


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I think it going going to be two feminism (15) and it won't be a 45

:') Yeah, just planning, it will take so much time to write the whole essays. What are you doing, I'm doing ecologism, feminism and nationalism. They did help so much for Unit 3.... I just hope the questions are repeated! I CANT RETAIN THIS MUCH INFORMATION IN MY BRAIN!!!

Im doing the same 3! Really wish my teacher chose to pick multiculturalism instead of ecologism tbh links so much with liberalism would have made sense! And they generally do have to repeat questions if we're lucky its word for word if we're not they'll just word it horribly to catch you out


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Is it just my school who are doing all of the four Units? In all honesty Multiculturalism is a really easy one to do 15 mark questions for. Would like to do an Ecologism 45 mark question as there are so many thinkers you can through in.

Is it just my school who are doing all of the four Units? In all honesty Multiculturalism is a really easy one to do 15 mark questions for. Would like to do an Ecologism 45 mark question as there are so many thinkers you can through in.

what do you guys think the questions will be about? literally going to have a mental break down if feminism as a 45 marker doesn't come up. D:

what are you guys revising? i'm doing all of feminism and ecologism and core themes for nationalism and multiculturalism. (if i can manage to do all 4)

Feminism is unlikely to come up in the 45 markers this year.... sorry.... (

I'd suggest learning 3 in greater detail but it is up to you...

what do you guys think the questions will be about? literally going to have a mental break down if feminism as a 45 marker doesn't come up. D:

what are you guys revising? i'm doing all of feminism and ecologism and core themes for nationalism and multiculturalism. (if i can manage to do all 4)

so do you think it will come up as 2 15 markers? i think i might revise all of nationalism as well then

Form what most people have predicted Feminism will have two 15 mark questions which means no 45 marker. I am doing Nationalism and Ecologism mainly then briefly Feminism and Multiculturalism (Going over 15 mark questions).

oh man. D: are you revising the different forms of multiculturalism or just core themes?