AS AQA Geography GEOG1 12th May 2015

Previous years have been higher

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no just be aware of them. you need to know a case study for impactss of overpopulation, underpopulation, ageing population and youthful population and then 2 case studies for population management. The population management case studies can be for overpopulation, underpopulation, ageing population, youthful population or migration I think.
Hope that helps

Has the grade boundaries ever been higher than 80?


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Do you think a 7 marker on Solifluction would be possible or ice wedges alone would be possible?

Hi for population what case studies do we have to know? Do we need to know a migration one?

You could do international migration case study of Mexico to USA, and also i think some text books have Poland to the UK

So we do need a case study even though the spec doesn't say so?

Rejuvenation in rivers is caused by a drop in the sea level. This causes the altitude of the river to increase. For example if the source of the river was 150m above sea level, and the sea level dropped by 2m, the source would now be 152m above sea level. This increases the potential energy in a river which results in an increased amount of vertical erosion.

Knick points: waterfalls created when there is a change in altitude (when the sea level drops or at the point of river capture). As they retreat upstream, they become smaller until the river reaches a graded profile
River terraces: former flood plains which are now at a higher altitude due to verticle erosion in the river channel. This occurs because the river has more energy so more vertical erosion takes place making the river deeper. This is followed by lateral erosion which is slower which creates a new floodplain. River terraces are not flooded during a bankful discharge.
Incised meanders: Formed from an increased amount of vertical erosion which occurs because the river has more energy. The meander itself is formed like a normal meander but it has different features. There are 2 types:
Ingrown incised meander are asymmetrical and very deep. They are formed via significant vertical erosion and some lateral erosion.
Entrenched incised meanders are symmetrical and usually deeper than an ingrown incised meander. They are only formed with verticle erosion.

I hope this helps!

I did do a lost in this but here is the information I have in it I have given an example with each one

Fjords
Description: a submergent landform that is a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs.
Explanation: Pre glacial: the river flows to the sea in a v-shaped valley. Glacial: a river of ice (glacier) flows to the sea. This makes a U-shaped valley as the valley sides are eroded by the glacier. post glacial: At the end of the ice age, the glacier melts leaving a deep U-shaped valley. The sea level rises and the sea water floods the glacial valley. This is called a fjord (example: Soyne Fjord, Norway)

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Hey Azza. Sorry to bother you again I'm revising Eustatic and Isostatic change, but I am a tad confused by this section of your answer above:

"At the end of the ice age, the glacier melts leaving a deep U-shaped valley. The sea level rises and the sea water floods the glacial valley."

Does the water come from the melted glacier, or from the sea level outside of the valley? i.e Does the sea level rise due to the glacier melting, adding to the volume of water and thus submerging the valley?

Hi for population what case studies do we have to know? Do we need to know a migration one?

Thank you!