Being of a certain faith or marital status (or single) shouldn't automatically affect what you can pursue regarding education or career. But if your faith or way of living a married life are restrictive or have certain goals, then this might affect your ability to do certain other things in life.
I think you should be asking yourself what you want your life to look like, as a Muslim, as someone who is married, and what your plans are for the next 5 years regarding your faith and your marriage.
I am an atheist so my understanding of any faith is limited, but I can imagine perhaps the following topics:
* Do you wear a headscarf and do you want to wear it at all times during your studies? Is this going to be an issue in certain situations (maybe your research requires special clothing/gear that might interfere with a headscarf)?
* Do you want to pray a certain number of times every day and will this be at set times, or are you flexible? I had one Muslim undergraduate student when I was a teaching assistant who, on top of her being extremely late to class, at some point just left to "go to the toilet". She was gone for half an hour... I later found out this was to pray and she supposedly lost her way back to class. I found this undesirable in a mandatory 3-h class where people were expected to complete a certain amount of work. I only had her for a few classes so don't know whether she ended up completing the degree, but what appeared to be her attitude of wanting to pray at set times during the day would eventually interfere to an extent that I consider unsustainable. I had a Muslim acquaintance who was also doing an undergraduate degree and he was internally struggling/trying to find out what kind of life he wanted as a Muslim in a western European country. I know that some Muslims choose to have other restrictions on their life, like not shaking hands with someone of the opposite sex, which can become an issue if you meet other people (as a woman I would be offended if a male I meet is unwilling to shake my hand when we are in a Western country; it is different when I choose to go to an Islamic/Muslim majority country, where of course I will adapt and even wear a headscarf if this is considered polite/respectful). In my view, if someone wants to do anything a certain number of times a day at set times, whether this is praying, meditation, yoga, calling their mother, having a cigarette etc, this is going to interfere with their life. My PhD was lab-based. There was no way I could have worked effectively and efficiently whilst also wanting to pray at set times throughout my workday because sometimes you just can't drop what you are doing or you have a meeting with others and you can't just not turn up. It is up to YOU to decide what is more important: praying a certain number of times a day at set times, or putting your professional self first when you are working. No one else can answer this for you. And although it might be possible for certain accommodations to be made for your lifestyle choice, at some point this leniency will have been exhausted. I attended several conferences/training courses and people aren't going to wait for you. If you live in a country where Islam is not the main/national religion, where the main culture/society does not follow the same lifestyle, you need to decide what is more important to you: observing your faith to the level/extent you want, or being flexible in when/how you practice your faith to accommodate your choice to study/work in a culture that is different. I had a co-worker from Iran and she was very practical about how she lived her life in a northern European country: she did wear the Iranian style headscarf as a sign of respect to her country (they paid for her PhD), but as far as I experienced her, she interacted with male coworkers the same way as female coworkers, I never saw her leave to pray, and she joined in on some of the social activities we did in our group despite being a fair bit older than the other PhD students. With regards to the Muslim girl who left my class to pray: I asked her about this (when the other students had all finished and left the class). She was of Turkish origin (but born in Europe) if I remember correctly and she was dressed very modestly. She wanted to observe her faith in a certain way and was even upset there was no specific prayer area in our faculty... The issue is that this faculty building was basically already too small by the time they had finished building it: there were senior academic staff that didn't even get their own office because of this, so I told her that unfortunately a prayer room just wasn't possible. I asked her why, if observing her faith in such a way, she didn't go to Turkey to study, after all, she would have dual nationality and we are talking about tertiary education so we are all (young) adults. Her answer? "I can't do this degree in Turkey." Ok, so then you have made your choice, right?
* Are you planning to take part in Ramadan, and is this possible when you might be working long days? Will you be operating machinery etc. or teaching classes or supervising lab for undergraduates during your PhD and can you do this when you haven't eaten or had anything to drink during the daylight hours?
Regarding your marital status:
* Are you planning to have children in the next few years? If so, I think you need to consider whether this will be a major challenge to do during your PhD. In the UK, PhD is only 3-4 years and I am not sure if and how much accommodation there is for having a child. And even if it is possible to pause your PhD, do you think it will be very hard to come back to it? Do you think that you will WANT to come back to it after having taken care of your baby for 3, 6, 9, 12 months? Do you have daycare to help with child care when you would go back to continue your PhD? Is that available late at night too if you have long days in the lab/doing your research? Would your husband help out a lot with a child? Would it perhaps make more sense to wait with kids until you have finished your PhD? What does your husband want/expect with regards to when you guys have kids? Or maybe you both do not want to have kids, ever?
* Is your husband ok with you having a full professional life in a western country (assuming you are looking to do a PhD in the UK, Europe, USA etc) meaning you will work with both women and men, you might travel with male co-workers to external seminars/conferences (note that you will never be asked to share a bedroom with someone of the opposite sex, but you may be expected to share a bedroom with someone of the same sex, although you could probably get your own room if you were to pay for it yourself)?
* PhD can sometimes put a lot of demands on your time, although some of the people in the lab where I was were always gone by 6 pm, so to some extent it depends on your project, how you work, how much work you choose to put in, how efficient you are with your time, etc. Is your husband going to be ok with you perhaps not cooking dinner every day? Is he ok sharing the burden of housework (cleaning, grocery shopping, cooking, laundry, gardening) equally with you, or does he expect you to do everything in some of these 'domains'?
Just some things to think about. I hope this helps!