I've made a language change essay that's for our Easter holidays homework ,
Have a read let me know if it helps you.
ITS MINE
( the tests are from daily telegraph ) and the other was from the oxford slang urban dictionary - both are 2005 )
Discuss what the texts show about language change
English language mrs Erskine
Both texts convey ideas about language change in different ways. Even though these are examples of contemporary language change. This is because they were both published in 2005 but differentiate in their implied audiences because Text E is intended for the Daily Telegraph readers. Whereas Text F is for the implied audience for informing unacknowledged people of a seemingly urban slang dictionary. It is also for the purpose to define the words 'chav' and 'crunk'
but to show it's appropriate word classes like the abbreviated 'adj' and 'n', meaning adjective and noun. Both texts seem to inform the reader in different ways, since Text E appears to be an article that makes it informative but serves a secondary purpose because it uses persuasive techniques by the rule of thirds to show prescriptivist attitudes to language change. For example, 'And of once you thought the people working in the post room were post workers, you were wrong'. This implies the male writer Neil Tweedie tells us he appears to have a valued judgement and opinion of the correct word to use. It also expresses some political correctness because for some it could be inappropriate to say 'post room workers' this is why the word changed to 'dispatch services facilitators'. This is to perhaps keep formality in the work profession of working in the post office. An example of a persuasive technique is the rule of thirds like 'Fish are no longer fried or grilled, they are crisped, seared' etc. this perhaps expresses his idiosyncratic style to illustrate the semantic field of food which is quite exaggerated in a metaphorical manner. Such as 'then there is a ocean of drivel produced'.whereas Text F shows a descriptivist approach to language change because it represents how social change has governed several different contexts of just using the word 'crunk'. This shows how word meanings change due to their social settings. For example, 'a hoarse harsh cry' and 'music hip-hop' etc. These examples connote a semantic shift because these words can be used by a groups sociolect. In addition they present the ideas of western culture, media and materialism. For example for the word chav, 'older children desire nothing more than to dress, talk, and behave like chavs'. This suggests language is affected by appearance and actions which suggestively stereotype and exploit the 'older children', because in the judgemental stance it takes. However, the Text F does not have the authors opinions whereas Text E does . We can see Text F's language is impacted upon TV, music, travel etc. these examples show how technology has become a way of encouraging 'youth' such as 'think Vicky Pollard in Little Britain'. The TV show devalues 'chavs' and it is evident in the headword, being 'derragotory', it shows how the words 'chav and crunk' has some form of the accommodation theory because people will be converting their language to 'fit in' with society.
Both texts are examples of neogalisation but have different lexical choices. The key lexical choices that show language change in Text E can be the use of compounding, polysyllabic words, comparatives and the semantic fields of politics, business and food. The Text E uses one of Jean Atichison's conceptual metaphors this is in the title 'suffers' which is an example is illness or disease. Another example can be 'ugly', 'damage' etc. These set the tone of a very negative article which uses negative Lexis like negation, for example 'no, not' etc. whereas Text F appears to be more positive towards language change because 'crunk' has become a example of ameolisation . It states the context of a 'hip hop sub genre' but also about 'bling and no-brainer party rhythms'. These collectively show how they've become positive. Even though, 'crunk' can be referring to 'crazy and drunk' people which is an example of blends. There is a semantic shift as depending on context words change meaning. Both words 'Chav and crunk' show the noun, adjective moving towards a physical action which makes it a verb. For example, 'got it crunk on the dance floor', 'gitty crunk, get drunk' etc. These show it's something we do but also something we describe (adj). Whilst 'chav' names a particular person who is justified in the way they dress, 'wearing of designer style clothes esp sportswear'. It shows how it labels a 'council estate chic' and regards connotations to allow a 'low social status' which makes it a pejorative. Although the original meaning was 'neutral' as it described a 'unmarried Romani male'.
In Text E, the compound lexis demonstrates how neogalisation has occurred to language change. We can see in Text E there are many, like 'supermarkets, fanboys,newspapers,overdogs, uptitling' etc. This shows how language has coinages by marketing and advertising. It also shows polysyllabic words which demonstrate the prescriptivist longer and lengthy words. Although, he understands the descriptivist attitude that can link to the plain English campaign, for example 'words or phrases to describe things that can be summed up in shorter, crisper ways'. The example of a prescriptivist attitude can be 'English according to a new book, is suffering from a form of inflation'. He deliberately dramatises and puts tension as if the English language is really 'suffering'. In Text F, there is a semantic shift by narrowing and widening which are ways language has changed . It can be changed depending on the American, Romani and British culture. This suggests words like 'chav' can be a plural to British slang but can be commented 'chav' is used informally by slang which degrade people of a 'low social status'.
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