Continuing, the rise in support of alternate parties such as the Socialists and the
Nationalists will be argued as the main reason to why Giolitti fell from power,
due to their electoral success, thus subtracting support away from Giolitti,
forcing him to resign. Following the Libyan war, Giolitti was left with no
choice. As such he had to extend the franchise to those who fought in the War,
and extended it to all soldiers and any male over the age of 30. The fact that
Giolitti extended the franchise this largely, highlights that he thought that this
would garner more support for the Liberals, and increase their majority. Yet,
due to the fact that now 70% of the electorate was now illiterate, and the
Liberals catered towards the more educated elites meant that the support went to
other parties and in the 1913 election the Socialists, Nationalists, Catholics and
the Radical parties all won more seats, with the Liberals loosing a record of 71
seats. This highlights the abject failure of this enfranchisement strategy, as
rather than obtaining support for the Liberals, with the popularisation of these
Political Parties such as the Socialists meant that Giolitti was left without his
large standing within Parliament and these parties were given a platform, to
criticise the Liberal government. Whilst this is very important in the failure of
the premiership and the downfall fo Giolitti. The fact that they had more seats in
the chamber of deputies did not necessarily mean that they were more powerful,
as due to the proportional representational system within Italy, there was a
larger emphasis on political manoeuvring than policy and popular support, and
as such, they did not get into power rather it was the Liberal, Antionio Salandra.
Yet, due to the fact that they did have more seats in the Chamber, meant that
they did not have to accede to the trasformismo of Giolitti, because they would
have had more leverage to make change for themselves. As such, whilst as a
result of the Libyan war, this support came, it was ultimately as a result of the
absorption tactics of Giolitti, trying to garner more support through expanding
the electorate, to boost his perception to the public, which ultimately led to his
downfall which is therefore the primary reason for the fall of Giolitti. In relation
to the criteria of importance, whilst there is no doubt that the rise in support of
other parties had a large effect in the downfall of Giolitti, the fact that the
downfall came as a result of the enfranchisement of 1913 which was an absorption tactic, shows that the factor of trasformismo was a more important
factor in causing the downfall of Giolitti, rather than the named, Libya.
Heres the marking criteria
Level
Mark
Descriptor
0 No rewardable material.
1
1–3
• Simple or generalised statements are made about the topic.
• Some accurate and relevant knowledge is included, but it lacks range
and depth and does not directly address the question.
• The overall judgement is missing or asserted.
• There is little, if any, evidence of attempts to structure the answer, and the answer overall lacks coherence and precision.
2
4–7
• Thereislimitedanalysisofsomekeyfeaturesoftheperiodrelevantto the question, but descriptive passages are included that are not clearly shown to relate to the focus of the question.
• Mostly accurate and relevant knowledge is included, but lacks range or depth and has only implicit links to the demands and conceptual focus of the question.
• An overall judgement is given but with limited substantiation and the criteria for judgement are left implicit.
• The answer shows some attempts at organisation, but most of the answer is lacking in coherence, clarity and precision.
3
8–12
• Thereissomeanalysisof,andattempttoexplainlinksbetween,the relevant key features of the period and the question, although descriptive passages may be included.
• Mostly accurate and relevant knowledge is included to demonstrate some understanding of the demands and conceptual focus of the question, but material lacks range or depth.
• Attempts are made to establish criteria for judgement and to relate the overall judgement to them, although with weak substantiation.
• The answer shows some organisation. The general trend of the argument is clear, but parts of it lack logic, coherence and precision.
4
13–16
• Key issues relevant to the question are explored by an analysis of the relationships between key features of the period, although treatment of issues may be uneven.
• Sufficient knowledge is deployed to demonstrate understanding of the demands and conceptual focus of the question and to meet most of its demands.
• Valid criteria by which the question can be judged are established and applied in the process of coming to a judgement. Although some of the evaluations may be only partly substantiated, the overall judgement is supported.
• The answer is generally well organised. The argument is logical and is communicated with clarity, although in a few places it may lack coherence and precision.
5
17–20
• Keyissuesrelevanttothequestionareexploredbyasustainedanalysis of the relationships between key features of the period.
• Sufficient knowledge is deployed to demonstrate understanding of the demands and conceptual focus of the question, and to respond fully to its demands.
• Valid criteria by which the question can be judged are established and applied and their relative significance evaluated in the process of reaching and substantiating the overall judgement.
• The answer is well organised. The argument is logical and coherent throughout and is communicated with clarity and precision.
Thank you!