Hey this is my problem too! I have been crying because although i have the knowledge i do not know how to structure it in essays! I have done some essay plans, but i wish i knew how to write a good structure to an essay
Anyways here is an essay plan for this one question :-
Evaluate the view that new cults and sects have taken the place of traditional religions as a way of expressing and experiencing religious beliefs in society across the world.
Define sect and cult
Bruce - due to process of secularisation eg rationalisation new cults and sects have come to replace traditional religion
another reason for sects and cults replacing trad religion is religious diversity ( Berger ) undermined the plausibility structure of religion and hence sects and cults have taken the place.
Bruce sees these as weak forms of religion resulting from modernisation and secularisation in society
A02 :- alternative to secularisation theory, stark and bainbridge argue that there is a continuous cycle of religious decline, renewal and revival. Old churches decline and give way to new forms of religion - the religious market theory
demand for religion is always constant because people are naturally rleigious and it is in human nature to avoid costs and to seek rewards. therefore sects and cults have replaced traditional religion.
A02 :- beckford :- stark and bainbridge give an unsociological explaination because they fail to explain why people make choices they do.
Drane argues that traditional religion is also been replaced by new age movements not only sects and cults. define new age :- explain why they are more attractive to people than trad religion.
A02 :-? im not sure if this is a relevant A02 point ( bruce argues that growth of new age hasnt compensated for a larger decline of trad religion )
Sociologists such as norris and inglehart argue that traditional religion may have declined in european countries, but there is still is vitality of trad religion elsewhere in world- depends on the existential security we have - low EST = higher religious participations etc
A02 :- vasquez argues that norris and inglehart use quantitative data = not valid
Nanda also sees that there is higher levels of religiosity in india - greater need of trad hinduism
conclusion - depends on where we look in the world