An infection, presumably? Or scratching the back of your throat somehow (I had a really bad sore throat after an endoscopy, for example)? Should hopefully settle after a few days but if not, or if things are getting worse, probably worth speaking to a pharmacist or doctor.
I usually use painkillers and Chloraseptic spray when I have a sore throat. And gargle with mouthwash. Taking small sips of water regularly can also help.
Hope you feel better soon!