Original post by StBebeHaha I hope I can be helpful =)
I'm Finnish so I don't know exactly what it's like to be an international student here. My course is entirely in Finnish so we don't have any international students, but until last year my department had a MSc course in English and about half of the students taking it were international, mostly Chinese with a few Americans and Canadians. They seemed to integrate well enough with people on the course and some of them hung out with other people in the department too. The university does actively encourage international students to integrate, every department has its own student union with an international affairs officer and international tutors. They're in charge of arranging orientation days at the start and arranging events for international students, where locals are also encouraged to come.
Basically everyone in Finland below the age of 60 speaks English so you'll be able to get around easily enough. A lot of people are shy about their language skills though, especially when talking to native speakers, but if you get lost or something they'll be able to help you.
The facilities at my department are fairly amazing. We exist in a perpetual shortage of uncracked glassware but our analytical equipment is mostly top notch and students are properly tutored in using it. I don't know anything about other faculties, but I expect that if a department with fewer than 150 students and around 30 researchers has both a gas chromatograph and a high-precision liquid chromatograph, then I'd assume the other faculties are well enough equipped too =)
Hahaha winter can get pretty awful but towards the spring, when you start having more hours of daylight, it's quite nice. Even though the outside temperature is colder than a lot of places, all houses have double or triple glazing windows and good heating, so I'd argue that winter is more bearable here than in the UK. We get snow every winter so it doesn't affect public transport very much, the trains only run late during serious snow storms. But yeah the five months of sleet, then snow, the sleet again in the spring does kind of suck =P
Helsinki is really nice, I don't live there myself because my department is in a different city, but the rest of my faculty is in the outskirts of Helsinki and I do have occasional business on the central campus. It's not a very old city by European standards but it is very pretty, and there are some good cafés and such. It is quite expensive though.
As for education and marking, most people do both a bachelor's and a master's degree because Finland has such a high average level of education that you can't really get a job with just a bachelor's, at least not in anything science-related. University grades are from 1 (50%) to 5 (above 90%), with anything below 50% being a fail. We don't have exam periods (again, at least in my faculty) but instead you do the exam soon after finishing each course. If you fail, you have two chances to retake the exam, and if you fail both, only then do you have to retake the course. Each month there is a General Exam Day, where you can resit any exam or take a textbook exam. Textbook exams are exams where you self-study a book with no formal lectures or contact hours. Most courses have a few mandatory textbook exams, and often there are optional ones that you can take if you want or need more credits. We use ETC's, with 45 credits a year being the minimum and 60 the aim. In my faculty all Master's degrees are two-year courses, I think most faculties are the same, but you can affect how quickly you graduate by how many courses a year you take. There generally isn't a strict order in which you have to take courses. Each degree has a list of mandatory courses that you have to take, specifications for a minor (most departments let you have any minor. I know someone who majored in evolutionary biology with a minor in Japanese), and a number of credits that you have to gain from any relevant courses. My department is quite lenient in what we can do for optional courses, so I have 6 credits for scuba diving training, for example.
Helsinki is the best university in the country, and I'm not just saying that because it's my university, it is the only Finnish university on international ranking lists =) I hope this was helpful, if you have any other questions I'm happy to help =)