For poems, structural features could include caesura and enjambment, and perhaps a varied length of the stanzas.
Off the top of my head, language techniques include personification, metaphors, similes, hyperboles, idioms, polysyndeton (for Charles Dickens especially!), repetition, symbolism, connotations of words, emotive language.
Structural techniques could include semantic fields, anaphora, epistrophe, repetition, narrative hook, changing paragraph length, etc.