I made notes today on that one! Here you go:
Ulysses
• Returning King who doesn’t want to stay – wants to continue his adventures.
• Intro of an ‘idle King’ ‘still hearth’ ‘barren crags’ ‘ aged wife’ – quite a dismal, boring place where nothing’s happening.
• Refers to his people as ‘savage race’ – as far as he’s concerned, they haven’t evolved into normal people,
• ‘That hoard, and sleep, and’ mundane sounding and monosyllabic.
• ‘know not me’ – feels unappreciated.
• ‘I will drink life to the Lees’ – frivolous
• ‘I am become a name’ – thinks he is famous.
• ‘For always roaming with a hungry heart’ – roaming, like a lion, hungry heart – personifying the heart, eager for new things. Alliteration emphasises desire.
• ‘Manners, climates, councils, governments’ – quick list, excitement!
• ‘I am part of all that I have met’ – ego-centric, he has impacted on everything he’s met, or he has everything impacted on him.
• ‘Gleams that untravelle’d world’ – each experience opens more experiences to him. Gleams – suggest something special.
• Comparing himself to a sword, ‘to rust unburnish’d, not to shine in use’ – he thinks he is worth a great deal.
• Couldn’t even manage without it for ‘three suns’, ‘gray spirit yearning in desire’.
• Presenting Telemachus who will take over.
• Now ‘rugged people’ as opposed to ‘savage race’, ‘soft degrees’ as opposed to ‘unequal laws’ – an audience has appeared, or he wants to make it seem easier for his son?
• ‘The vessel puffs her sail’ – personification, sense of fondness, ready to go now!
• ‘dark broad seas’- vast emptiness, unknown places.
• ‘thunder and sunshine’ – pathetic fallacy, through the good times and the bad.
• Realises ‘you and I are old’, but we’ll go anyway!
• ‘noble role’ – his exploration and voyages.
• Personification of the end of the day: ‘the long day wanes: the slow moon climbs’ – end of life too, that’s why personification is quite effective.
• ‘a newer world’ – away from work/stress? – are they journeying to heaven?
• ‘beyond the sunset’ ‘Happy Isles’ ‘see the great Achilles’
• They are weaker now ‘one equal temper of heroic hearts’ – he sees them as all being in agreement.
• ‘made weak by time and fate’ – it’s not their fault.
• ‘To strive, to seek, to find and not to yield’ – if you give up then that means you do not have strength of mind.
Form
• Dramatic monologue – shown by first person narration, perhaps he gets an audience from ‘this is my son’.
• Refers to himself as the ‘idle King’ – majority of the poem concerned with himself, self-absorbed.
• He uses ego-centric phrases showing the dramatic monologue, ‘I am part of all that I have met’.
• By the beginning of the poem – he establishes how he feels about others which makes him seem more superior and paves the way for the monologue to continue.
Structure
• Four sections = all one stanza, like a stream of consciousness.
• Indent when ‘this is my son’ suggests another section of the poem, a new audience.
• Indent ‘there lies port’ – new audience again – moving into a different time frame.
Language
• ego-centric, emotive, philosophical
• ‘Myself not least, nut honour’d of them all’ – ego-centric.
• ‘savage race’ – superior to his people.
• ‘and sleep, and feed and know not me’ – monotonous, mundane – sounds rubbish in comparison to ‘that unravell’d world’.
• Sense of realisation – ‘You and I are old’
• Personification of the end of life, ‘the long day wanes’
Characterisation
• King, his people and Telemachus
• ‘I am become a name’ – famous, ‘an idle King, he feels he is worth more.
• His people: ‘savage race’ ‘a rugged people’, shows a changing description with a changing audience but he clearly thinks he is superior to them.
• Telemachus: ‘slow prudence’ ‘decent not to fail’ – a contrast, more reasonable and committed, contrast to King, he is selfish?
Narrative Voice
• Dramatic monologue, his personal feelings.
• ‘yearning in desire, to follow knowledge’ – he wants to continue voyaging for all his life.
Time and Sequence
• Mentioning, past, present and future, showing his possibilities and what he has already done.
• ‘It may be’ twice, ‘gulf will wash us down’ ‘touch the Happy Isles’ – what will happen after death, heaven or hell, some after life?
• ‘one equal temper of heroic hearts’ – something constant between them, past ‘much have I seen and known’ – shows how full his past has been.
Place
• ‘still hearth among these barren crags’ – empty and desolate.
• ‘manners, climates, councils, governments’ – what he did in the past.
• ‘for ever and for ever’ – suggests expansive never-ending time.
• ‘ for some three suns’ – a reference to the cycle of day, shows the way they thought.
Context
• Thoughts about life, death and authority.