Your only option is to talk to the University about the possibility of readmission - or to talk to other universities offering the same course.
Even with a legitimate medical condition, there is only so much discretion a university can offer. Had you asked to take a year out on medical grounds and rejoin the course, that might have been approved. However, failure to submit sufficient work to pass the course despite the concessions they had made - which you admit was not wholly for health reasons - left them no option but to fail you out of the course.
If your studies were funded, then you would also need to talk to the funding body, as 999tigger says.