Ohh exactly the same topics as me
Well I can type some of them out but I'm afraid I haven't got patience to type all of my notes out so they're very brief. Here is two sets of notes...
Population:- Sparsely populated - too cold, dry or mountainous, life is uncomfortable, soils pool, bad access.
e.g. Arctic, Sahara Desert, Himalayas, Afghanistan
- Densely populated - rich in resources, lots of work, good climate, fertile lowland.
e.g. UK, Singapore
- Demographic Transition Model shows birth rate, death rate and natural increase. It has four main stages with a fifth stage if needed.
- Increasing population - good medical facilities, good sewage works, lack of contraception, early marriages.
- Decreasing population - women get job opportunities, emphasis on family planning, later marriages, dependency to have more children to look after parents.
Some examples:
- China's One Child Policy rewards those with only one child but fines those with more. Effective but causes some girls to become 'missing' as parents want boys not girls.
- French Government discourages contraception and has tax incentives to increase their population (which is starting to decrease).
- Migration: Immigration (entering) & Emmigration (leaving)
- Transmigration such as Indonesia and the Island of Java becoming too populated especially capital Jakarta. Government uses job incentives to move people out to other islands.
- Push factors - low wages, no jobs, bad life, conflict, natural hazard.
- Pull factors - high wages, lots of jobs, good lifestyle, stable government, good environment.
e.g. Mexicans migrating to USA, Poles migrating to UK.
Tectonics:- Shield volcano - basic lava (runny), frequent less violent eruptions, gentle slopes, usually found on constructive margins.
e.g. Mauna Loa in Hawaii
- Composite Cone Volcano - acid lava (viscous due to high silica content), alternate layers of ash and lava, steep slopes, usually on destructive margins.
e.g. Mount St Helens in USA (which last erupted 18th May 1980)
- Areas with volcanoes have good fertile soil which is why many people live near them.
- Whereas volcano eruptions are quite easy to predict, earthquakes are much harder and can only be anticipated roughly.
- Earthquakes are measured on the Richter scale.
- Primary effects: Collapsing buildings
- Secondary effects: Fire, Tsunamis, Landslides, Disease & Famine
e.g Kobe in Japan (occured on 17 January 1995 - 7.2 on Richter scale)
- Earth made up from Crust, Mantle, Outer & Inner Core.
- Convection currents cause plates to move as hot molten iron forms a current in mantle 'dragging' plates with it.
- 4 types of boundary (you may know them by different names):
- Destructive where two plates collide, e.g. Nazca & South American plate
- Constructive where two plates move apart, e.g. North American & Eurasian plate (Mid-Atlantic ridge)
- Conservative where two plates move side by side, e.g. San Andreas fault
- Collision margin where two Continental crust plates collide forming fold mountains, e.g. Himilayas
- Other type of crust is Oceanic crust which is much more dense.