Original post by MisovlogosThis is hardly necessarily continental, if that category can be sustained in any sense beside; the late Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations entail as much (i.e. unanimously received as the most important philosophical work in the twentieth century). The point is best given in the context of the historical tendency to presume word senses unproblematically reference external objects, which found formalisation at the beginning of the linguistic turn in the logical atomism and then postivism of Frege, Russell, the early Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle. The basic effort of which was to establish a logical syntax underlying ordinary language which directly mapped onto the external world, such that world-referencing signifiers attached to logical operators ('and', 'or', 'to', etc.) could yield propositional knowledge. Sentences thereby fell into three categories: those sentences whose constitutive semantics referenced external objects (i.e. cat, dog) in a way consonant with how the world was (i.e. a candidate for truth found truthful); those sentences whose constitutive semantics referenced external objects in a way non-consonant with how the world was (i.e. a candidate for truth found false); and those sentences whose constitutive semantics simply did not reference observable objects and were, as such, unverifiable and not a candidate for truth or falsity (i.e. pure nonsense, including value theory, aesthetics, metaphysics, various psychological statements, etc.).
In contradistinction, the late Wittgenstein neither saw language as isomorphic with reality, nor answerable to any external justification. He saw the rules constitutive of the intersubjective basis of any linguistic practice as defining the limits of sense. That is to say, utterances only hold sense relative to a given speech-community, and thus adherence to pre-given rules is a condition of intelligibility. Speech is in the first instances not world-referencing, but use-functioning; something that, like a tool, you do something with. Namely, perform a function relative to various contexts according to the rules of a speech-community. In the most obvious cases: exchanging vows in marriage is not simply referencing a psychological state, but doing something (marriage); a park ranger calling out to children skating on a frozen lake is not merely referencing a state of affairs wherein the lake is frozen, but doing something (warning). This pragmatic, context-relative conception of language when taken as definitive of language eases one into the above: that the canons of sense are relative to a speech-community in an important way. On this view, criteria of truth and falsity are internal to the rules constitutive of a language, for they simply hold no pre-linguistic sense. When uttering various everyday observations, such as the necessary form of the primary colours, one is not referencing a metaphysically independent reality, but merely stating the terms of sense of the linguistic game one is party to. Justification can only appeal to the resources internal to a language-game. An upshot of the absence of external linguistic justification is a certain cognizance about the contingency of any given linguistic context, and the practical and intellectual forces acting on and frequently distorting that context. Namely, if the terms and limits to our sense, which are requisites to justifying any thought and action, and are thus supremely consequential, are in the first instance mediated by social practices, then they are an unequivocal site of non-trivial social power. I should hasten to add, if only to defang the presumption of relativism which might premise your immediate disregard, that there are general limits to the kind of linguistic rules constitutive of our understanding: using language in certain ways inheres orders of magnitude greater utility than other ways, such that there are obvious pragmatic limits to language, while the biological composition of humans ensures common possession of a uniform set of capacities, which sets its own natural limits (i.e. our discriminatory capacities incline towards the division external reality into a certain number of categories).
As repeatedly stated, the point is one of systematic linguistic rules constitutive of the terms and bounds of sense of understanding, to which any thought and action must appeal, and which are thereby non-trivially defining of social relations. In view of this, certain tendencies within language have terrible effects, including but certainly not limited to its being gendered.