Original post by NolofinwëTechnically, his statement is correct as part of the law of evidence. Forgive me if this is a little slow, but it’s worth setting out the reasoning in full.
We must distinguish (a) the facts/offence – here rape- in law (i.e. the outcome of a legal decision) from (b) the facts/offence in fact (i.e. what really, truly happened). The ideal of any law of evidence is to have a perfect match between (a) and (b), so that the facts as found in the court perfectly and identically resemble what actually happened. However, it is not within (present) human capabilities to achieve this, because we have no fully reliable way of working out what happened in the past.
Therefore, our law of evidence ((a)) has to try to uncover (b) as best it can, and the way it does so is ‘second-hand’, through witnesses, physical evidence etc. These cannot produce an outcome with absolute certainty because the procedure in the law of evidence is only an attempted, and in practice imperfect, substitute for (b), we instead have to adopt standards of proof: i.e. if you get enough evidence to pass the threshold standard, the facts in law - (a) - will be conclusively presumed to represent the facts in fact - (b).
The criminal standard is proof ‘beyond reasonable doubt’. Therefore, if the prosecutor cannot prove the facts of the offence in law – (a) – to be so certain that no reasonable person would doubt that they accurately reflect what actually happened – (b) – then the case fails. There was, in law, no offence. That does not necessarily mean, however, that there was no offence in fact/reality. That may or may not have actually occurred. The law is just conclusively presuming that its decision is accurate (and that presumption is a fiction, because it cannot be sure of this). Many people on this thread have agreed with that proposition. Conversely, if the prosecutor does prove the facts of the offence in law – (a) – beyond reasonable doubt, then the law conclusively presumes that the offence occurred. Therefore, in law, there was a rape – (a). That does not necessarily mean, however, that the offence existed in fact – (b). We are only told that it definitely occurred in fact because the facts found in law are conclusively presumed to reflect reality (which, as just explained, is a fictitious presumption, because it cannot always be true). This is why, occasionally, we can get false convictions of innocent parties for any offence.
Therefore, he is/would be (I’m not going to put words into his mouth) strictly correct to say that, even if rape is found in law ((a)), it does not conclusively demonstrate (with the legal fiction lifted) that it happened in fact ((b)).