Remember, informally, the domain is "what values can x take such that the function f(x) doesn't explode".
So really what it's asking is what values
3cot2(2t) can it be as t runs through 0 to pi/4.
Or, to make things a bit easier, it's the same as asking
3cot2(t) as t runs through 0 to pi/2.
The answer should be apparent if you sketch the graph of cot(t).
Remark: It's basically the same as finding the range of the function
f(t)=3cot2(2t),0<t≤π/4. I just happen to call the function x instead of f. As with finding ranges, I think there are no shortcuts other than sketching the curve first.