Carbon dioxide also acidifies rainwater when it dissolves, the primary cause of ocean acidification due to global warming. Producing carbonic acid which was once an antiseptic used by Joseph Lister in the late Victorian era. And yes it dissolves limestone slowly, you can see evidence of this in places like the Yorkshire Dales.
But Stone can be preserved by using calcium sulphate coating, waxing, or silicone impregnation. How do these work?
Calcium sulphate causes the limestone to corrode. When limestone (calcium carbonate) reacts with acid rain (sulphur dioxide) it produces calcium sulphate which causes it to corrode.