AH ok. Im in year 11 and legit one of the questions in our mocks
SO radiation damages our bodies by ionising healthy cells in living tissues. A constant exposure to radiation leads to cell mutations (changes in the DNA structure). This could result in a cancer.
ANd then measuring radiation doses protects us by ensuring we are not exposed to too much radiation for having a long lasting health impact (as explained above). Scientists working with radiation measure their exposure by wearing photographic film badges. These turn cloudy when you are exposed to too much ionising radiation