There aren't really any shortcuts to finding distances - you need the coordinates of P and Q. That's the goal.
(Btw, it's a good idea to literally write down on your script "To find the distance, we wish to find the coordinates of P and Q". Probably this sentence worth no marks, but it's good for the marker, but more importantly for you.)
Let's start with finding P, as finding Q is practically the same. You know:
(i) the tangent to the curve at P is parallel to the y-axis. How does this relate to dy/dx (recall dy/dx is just the gradient of the tangent line)?
(ii) P lies on the curve. Using (i), can you set up an equation to find the coordinates of P?
(Again, it's a good idea to have some descriptive words like "since the tangent at P is parallel to the y-axis, we have 'blah blah blah and calculations'")