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can anyone explain these words to me please?

"upper limit of proportionality"
"young modulus"
"derformation"
"ultimate tensile stress"
"breaking stress"

i know i can use google, and i even have a book with these in, but it makes no sense to me
can anyone give me an english normal down to earth with no over the top language and a simple clear explanation of what any of them are?
ty
no help is too little

Reply 1

theandyguthrie

Ok ill start you off,

upper limit of proportionality - the point on a force/extension graph at which f=-kx no longer holds, (the point at which the line is no longer straight

young modulus = Stress/Strain (where stress = Force/area and strain = new length / original length )

deformation - where an object has been altered permanently, i.e removing the force no longer returns to the original shape, for example a spring that has been overstretched

UTS - once a certain amount of stress has been put on an object, it will start to stretch causing strain measurements to become weird for that stress. i.e the point at which stress is no longer proportional to strain.

Breaking stress is the same as UTS

feel free to ask for more info