Original post by TheBirder
Carbon is not positive in the third diagram because it has been balanced with the negative from the bromide.
sorry the second diagram.
The diagram is showing Electrophilic Addition of ethene with a bromine molecule. One part of the bromine molecule is electronegative so 'hogs' the electrons in the covalent bond. As a result, the electropositive bromine atom is polarised by the double bond in the ethene molecule, and the molecule of bromine breaks (the electropositive bromine takes both electrons so now has a full outer shell). The electropositive bromine which has just lost an electron causes the double bond in the ethene to break as one of the carbon in the double bond donates the electron in a double bond to the bromine (this is also know as 'electrophilic attack'. The 'positive carbon' you are referring to is called a Carbocation which means that that particular carbon has lost an electron to the bromine, hence the name cation. So that bromine forms a covalent bond with the carbon. The other bromine donates one of its electrons to the carbocation, and also joins onto the ethane molecule as shown in step 2 on this reaction which forms another bromine-carbon covalent bond. In step 3, you see the final product of the electrophilic addition which is called 1,2-dibromoethane. Hope this helps!
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