The benzaldehyde has lost =O and the alkyl group(s) on the reagent loses 2 H atoms (each), forming water. Then the two Cs form C=C double bond. So, for the second reaction, C6H5CHO loses O, and CH3COOH loses 2 Hs from CH3, forming the given structure and water. The third reaction is similar, except two water molecules and 2 C=C double bonds are formed because there are 2 alkyl groups, so you would need two benzaldehyde molecules. Hope this helps! (I tried to upload an image that would help visualise it better, but it wouldn't let me)