can anyone help me with this objective its in the IAL chemistry syllabus
determine a chemical formula by experiment such as the formula of copper(II) oxide by reduction
if anyone can explain what they mean with an example pls
I tried explaining it by writing it out but I find it difficult without diagrams so Im going to link a website that seems to have a good method - I would advisements looking at a mark scheme of your exam board to find exactly what you need to write to hit the marks
I tried explaining it by writing it out but I find it difficult without diagrams so Im going to link a website that seems to have a good method - I would advisements looking at a mark scheme of your exam board to find exactly what you need to write to hit the marks
thank u so much , if u want to share ur writing as well that would be amazing even if its without a diagram. cause my external is coming up and thank u so much again
I tried explaining it by writing it out but I find it difficult without diagrams so Im going to link a website that seems to have a good method - I would advisements looking at a mark scheme of your exam board to find exactly what you need to write to hit the marks
For the iii practical (with oranges and how to extract Limonene) here's the practical:
(Do not mean to be condescending at all I just can come across that way)
- Place 100cm3 of distilled water (water that has been boiled into its vapour form and then condensed back into liquid but in a different place than where it was originally normal water) into a round bottom flask - Peel the skin of two oranges by using a grater (the rind) - Add some small stones which act as anti bumping granules into the flask - Put this aside and the next thing required is to set up the apparatus which I'm going to link a picture of:
(Is that too small on my screen it seems small, can you click on it or not?)
- Using the Bunsen burner underneath the flask and reduce the heat/flame accordingly to keep it at more of a simmer as it goes through the process of distillation - REMEMBER when distillation occurs it is important to keep it at a rate of around 1 drop per second of distillate (make sure it is consistent) - Using a measuring cylinder, after the adequate amount of time has passed, collect 50cm3 of distillate - You will see an oil layer on this surface - Take a pipette (the dropping kind) and transfer this oil layer into a test tube (be very careful doing this as you don't want to lose too much of it) - Some waft these fumes towards their nose to check for odour but DO NOT DIRECTLY INHALE - Take three other test tubes and put approximately 1cm3 of bromine water (potassium manganate is usually used in practicals you just have to remember the act of bromine water or to not complicate this just remember bromine water unless you actually have to perform this practical at any point) in each - Add a few drops of the oil (limonene oil) to ONE of the test tubes - Add cyclohexane to the second test tube - Add cyclohexene to the last test tube - Add the same amount of these chemicals each time (e.g you do two drops in one, make sure you do two drops in all) - Place in the bungs (like stoppers really) - Agitate these now to help dissolve some of the chemicals that are harder to break down - To work out if the molecule contains double bonds, have a look at its appearance and if it has decolourised then that means that it does contain these double bonds
I tried explaining it by writing it out but I find it difficult without diagrams so Im going to link a website that seems to have a good method - I would advisements looking at a mark scheme of your exam board to find exactly what you need to write to hit the marks