The Student Room Group

Trig question

If A, B and C are angles of a triangle, prove that:

cos(BC2)sin(A2)=2sin(B2)sin(C2) \cos(\frac{B-C}{2})-\sin(\frac{A}{2}) = 2\sin(\frac{B}{2})\sin(\frac{C}{2})

Literally no idea where to start, it says this comes under the "double angle formulae" but all the stuff is being divided by 2 :frown:
(edited 9 years ago)
In my book (metaphorically speaking) "double angle formulae" could mean you're just doing "sin(a+b)" rather than sin(2a).

They may want you to do the question another way but you can do it by substituting an expression for a in terms of b and c (a, b, c are angles of a triangle...) then using addition/subtraction formulae to get the answer.

The way to do it using "double angle formulae" strictly is to derive the "half angle formulae" i.e. in for example: sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x), substitute x = y/2 and the same for cos(2x). You can derive them or look them up. That would be another way of getting the answer.

The first method above is much faster though :smile:
Reply 2
Original post by arkanm
Hint: 2sin(x)cos(x)=sin(2x)


We have 2sin(A)sin(B) though on the right hand side, no cos?
Reply 3
Original post by nathanturnerspc
In my book (metaphorically speaking) "double angle formulae" could mean you're just doing "sin(a+b)" rather than sin(2a).

They may want you to do the question another way but you can do it by substituting an expression for a in terms of b and c (a, b, c are angles of a triangle...) then using addition/subtraction formulae to get the answer.

The way to do it using "double angle formulae" strictly is to derive the "half angle formulae" i.e. in for example: sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x), substitute x = y/2 and the same for cos(2x). You can derive them or look them up. That would be another way of getting the answer.

The first method above is much faster though :smile:


Is cosBC2=cosB2cosc2+sinB2sinC2 \cos \frac{B - C}{2} = \cos \frac{B}{2} \cos \frac{c}{2} + \sin \frac{B}{2} \sin \frac{C}{2} ?

Or can I not use the regular double angle formula for cos if we half them?
Original post by physicsboy1
Is cosBC2=cosB2cosc2+sinB2sinC2 \cos \frac{B - C}{2} = \cos \frac{B}{2} \cos \frac{c}{2} + \sin \frac{B}{2} \sin \frac{C}{2} ?

Or can I not use the regular double angle formula for cos if we half them?


Your equation for cosine subtraction formula is correct. You can use this for cos(x+y) whatever x and y happen to be... Now if you eliminate A and use sin subtraction formula you'll see the answer drop out.
Reply 5
Original post by physicsboy1
Is cosBC2=cosB2cosc2+sinB2sinC2 \cos \frac{B - C}{2} = \cos \frac{B}{2} \cos \frac{c}{2} + \sin \frac{B}{2} \sin \frac{C}{2} ?

Or can I not use the regular double angle formula for cos if we half them?


cos(P-Q) = cosPcosQ + sinPsinQ is valid for any angles P, Q so you can validly substitute other quantities in their place e.g. P = B/2 etc
Reply 6
Original post by nathanturnerspc
Your equation for cosine subtraction formula is correct. You can use this for cos(x+y) whatever x and y happen to be... Now if you eliminate A and use sin subtraction formula you'll see the answer drop out.


Ok and sinA2=1cosA2 \sin \frac{A}{2} = \sqrt\frac{1-\cos A}{2} , so now there is a square root in our answer?
Original post by physicsboy1
Ok and sinA2=1cosA2 \sin \frac{A}{2} = \sqrt\frac{1-\cos A}{2} , so now there is a square root in our answer?


See above: I gave the hint that A, B and C are angles of a triangle. So try to eliminate A since it doesn't appear on the right hand side of the equation...

Once you have an expression for A in terms of B and C your answer will fall out :smile:
Reply 8
Original post by physicsboy1
Ok and sinA2=1cosA2 \sin \frac{A}{2} = \sqrt\frac{1-\cos A}{2} , so now there is a square root in our answer?


Where are you getting square roots from?

All the angles you are dealing with are "half angles" so there's no need to convert things in terms of A, B etc.

You know that the angles of a triangle add up to pi radians, so A + B + C = pi which allows you to write A in terms of B and C and hence A/2 in terms of B/2 and C/2.

You can then either expand cos(P-Q) and cos(P+Q) and combine, or look up a formula for this in your formula book.
Reply 9
cos( b-c / 2) - sin(a/2)

in a triangle a+b+c = 180 therefore a = 180 - (b+c)

cos( b-c / 2) - sin[(180 - (b+c)) /2]

cos( b-c / 2) - sin[90 - (b+c) /2]

cos( b-c / 2) - cos ( b+c / 2 )

cos( b/2 - c/2) - cos ( b/2 + c/2 )

COS(P-Q) - COS(P+Q) = 2 SIN P SIN Q

now continue ... :smile:
Reply 10
Original post by nathanturnerspc
See above: I gave the hint that A, B and C are angles of a triangle. So try to eliminate A since it doesn't appear on the right hand side of the equation...

Once you have an expression for A in terms of B and C your answer will fall out :smile:


edit: Oh yea I need to use the relationship between sin and cos!
(edited 9 years ago)
Reply 11
Original post by physicsboy1
If A, B and C are angles of a triangle, prove that:

cos(BC2)sin(A2)=2sin(B2)sin(C2) \cos(\frac{B-C}{2})-\sin(\frac{A}{2}) = 2\sin(\frac{B}{2})\sin(\frac{C}{2})

Literally no idea where to start, it says this comes under the "double angle formulae" but all the stuff is being divided by 2 :frown:


Start with the addition formulas

cos(x+y)=cosxcosy+sinxsiny\displaystyle \cos\left (x +- y\right )=\cos x\cdot \cos y -+ \sin x \cdot \sin y

So

cos(xy)cos(x+y)=2sinxsiny\displaystyle \cos\left (x-y\right )-\cos \left (x+y\right )=2\cdot sin x \cdot \sin y

From this (RHS of the equation)

2sin(B2)sin(C2)=cosBC2cosB+C2\displaystyle 2\sin(\frac{B}{2})\sin(\frac{C}{2}) =\cos \frac{B-C}{2} - \cos \frac{B+C}{2}

And as Davros wrote use that A+B+C=πA+B+C=\pi

so B+C2=πA2=π2A2\displaystyle \frac{B+C}{2}=\frac{\pi - A}{2}=\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{A}{2}

and what do you think to

cos(π2A2)\displaystyle \cos \left (\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{A}{2}\right ) ?
(edited 9 years ago)

Quick Reply

Latest