Hi, just done one of the specimen Paper 1s for A-Level, and I don't understand an answer. The question was "Suggest one reason why electron pair repulsion theory cannot be used to predict the shape of the [CoCl4]2- ion" and the mark scheme says "Too many electrons in d sub-shell". Could someone explain this to me please???? Thank you!!!!
Hi, just done one of the specimen Paper 1s for A-Level, and I don't understand an answer. The question was "Suggest one reason why electron pair repulsion theory cannot be used to predict the shape of the [CoCl4]2- ion" and the mark scheme says "Too many electrons in d sub-shell". Could someone explain this to me please???? Thank you!!!!
Let's imagine we have tetrachloromethane (CCl4). We already know, just by looking at this molecule, that it will bear a tetrahedral shape as it has 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs. Now let's look at [CoCl4]2-. It too has 4 chlorine atoms attached to it... But not in the same way as in tetrachloromethane.
[CoCl4]2- has dative covalent bonding, where a lone pair is donated to the metal ion, instead of normal covalent bonding like in tetrachloromethane. In essence, you have 4 lone pairs being donated to Co from the 4 chlorine atoms - how do we know the shape of this molecule, with 4 lone pairs contributing to its bonding, instead of 4 bonding pairs? We don't, and that's where the electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR, for short) starts to fail.
Let's imagine we have tetrachloromethane (CCl4). We already know, just by looking at this molecule, that it will bear a tetrahedral shape as it has 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs. Now let's look at [CoCl4]2-. It too has 4 chlorine atoms attached to it... But not in the same way as in tetrachloromethane.
[CoCl4]2- has dative covalent bonding, where a lone pair is donated to the metal ion, instead of normal covalent bonding like in tetrachloromethane. In essence, you have 4 lone pairs being donated to Co from the 4 chlorine atoms - how do we know the shape of this molecule, with 4 lone pairs contributing to its bonding, instead of 4 bonding pairs? We don't, and that's where the electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR, for short) starts to fail.