How does Shelia and Gerald's relationship change throughout the play?
Priestley’s morality play, ‘An Inspector Calls’ (1945) introduces the characters, Shelia Berling and Gerald Croft, exploring their relationship as dynamic throughout the play. Initially, their relationship conforms to that of the Edwardian period, characterised by Shelia’s innocence and a distinct power dynamic. This contrasts to their detached, yet respectful relationship towards the end of the play demonstrating the importance of the Inspector as a catalyst for this change (in both their relationship and in the growth of the characters themselves).
Firstly, in the allegoric drama, Shelia’s naivety is presented as a product of her environment and contributes to her slightly superficial relationship with Gerald. Priestley introduces Shelia with stage directions as, “a pretty girl in her early twenties, very pleased with life and rather excited”, presenting her as the conventional, oblivious, Edwardian woman, with the emphasis on “pretty” alluding to the middle-class’s shallow views in regard to the connection between the outward appearance of a woman and her ‘monetary’ value (given the context of her engagement). This is further highlighted by infantilising Shelia through the use of the childish domestic language, “mommy” and “daddy” despite her age, which again develops a semantic field of immaturity and innocence, symbolic of her (and other upper/middle class women) sheltered life. Priestly also manipulates her name in that ‘Shelia’ is an almost homophone for ‘Shield her’ and also stems from the Gaelic form of ‘Cecilia’ which denotes to blind. Again, this demonstrates that her behaviour is simply a product of her environment and is particularly emphasised throughout the play as she distances her from her parents and begins to adopt more mature, socialist views.
Shelia’s above characterisation is particularly prevalent in Act 1 of the play, during the engagement party, which serves to depict her relationship with Gerald prior to the arrival of Inspector Goole. Specifically, when Gerald presents her with a ring, Shelia exclaims, “Oh- Gerald- you’ve got it- is it the one you wanted me to have”, and flaunts her ring to her mother stating, “Now I really feel engaged”. The fact that she immediately fawns over the ring and kisses Gerald as an afterthought, foreshadows the instability and end of their relationship. This additionally portrays Shelia’s materialistic personality and depicts the significance of the ring, as a form of physical validation of their engagement and each character’s commitment to the other. The ring is a metaphor for their marriage which can be best described as business-orientated (given that Gerald is the Berling family’s’ social superior). Nonetheless, this would have aligned with Edwardian morals and beliefs, given the distinct social classes of the time and the patriarchal families who positioned upper class women as commodities to be passed from father to husband during strategically upwards and advantageous marriages. Furthermore, the financial security symbolised by the ring would have appealed to the audience of 1945. The play is set in 1912, in a hierarchal society in which women were subject to poor education and entirely dependent on their male counterparts to provide for them. Women in general were depicted as inferior, only gaining the right to vote in 1918, with their sole purpose being to marry and fulfil the domestic role in a household. Despite Shelia’s immoral, misogynistic objectification, Gerald’s wealth allows her to maintain her “fairly substantial” and “heavily comfortable” lifestyle, implying the importance of marriage as the only means of sustaining a woman’s life. From this context, the audience is able to assume that this marriage is, albeit not entirely, loveless and on formed on materialism and capitalism.
This relationship begins to mature towards the end of Act 1, with the revelation of Gerald’s relationship with Daisy Renton. Daisy Renton or Eva Smith is a victim of capitalism and a main character throughout the play who, even though the audience never meets, is essentially a social construct that represents all working-class women. The name Daisy Renton is particularly important with Daisy referring to the common fragile flower as well as the idiom “pushing up the daises”, a euphemism for being dead. Renton, on the other hand, is derived from and a play on the word ‘renting’ which was typically used in reference to prostitution in 1912. This is evidenced with her rather sexual relationship with Eric and Gerald, making her whole name an oxymoron and another method utilised by Priestly to criticise capitalism. Her impact on Gerald and Shelia’s relationship is similar to the Inspector’s role in that: she serves to uncover the secrets between the characters, forcing honesty. This is apparent with the news of Gerald’s affair where Shelia states, “Were you seeing her last spring and summer, during that time when you hardly came near me and said you were so busy?”, which is only confirmed by Gerald’s failure to reply. Shelia’s overall reaction to the affair is one of acceptance as seen when she hands Gerald the ring stating that, “I don’t dislike you as I did half an hour ago, Gerald. In fact, in some odd way, I rather respect you more than I’ve ever done before”. As she is exposed to the corruption and exploitation of the lower classes in society, Shelia rejects Gerald’s proposal indicating her growth as a character from naïve to remorseful and mature. She also acknowledges that they aren’t, “...the same people who sat down to dinner here”, demonstrating her developing sense of social responsibility and her challenging communist opinions. Therefore, Shelia and Gerald’s relationship changes significantly with her discovery of the injustices of society.
Unlike Shelia, Gerald does not particularly change through the play. Priestly manipulates the character of Gerald to represent the individualism of the upper class and is extremely similar to Mr and Mrs Birling in that his capitalist and self-centred attitudes do not change. On whole, Gerald is primarily a static character. This is further supported by his exclamatory dialogue towards the end of the play when he discovers that Inspector Goole is not actually a police officer. For example, the stage directions ‘smiling’, ‘triumphantly’ and ‘jovially’ in reference to the older characters demonstrates their disregard for the livelihoods of the lower class and show that their only fears were about the impact of the scandal on their reputation. This is also highlighted by the reverse syntax in Shelia’s phrase, “It frightens me the way you talk”, creating uncertainty and disappointment about the adults’ lack of social responsibility. Moreover, Gerald once again proposes to Shelia at the end of the play, demonstrating his desperateness to return the situation to normality to which Shelia replies, “No, not yet. It’s too soon. I must think”. Despite everything, Shelia’s inability to completely reject Gerald is symbolic of her acceptance of nepotism and patriarchy. Thus, Shelia and Gerald juxtapose one another by the end of the play with the relationship being characterised by caution.
In conclusion, Shelia and Gerald’s relationship changes significantly throughout the play with the development of Shelia’s character. Initially it is portrayed as superficial though innocently happy, conforming to the “newlywed” stereotype. The characters seem to be in love with each other on a shallow level in contrast to their mutual respect (but not affection) to each other towards the end. This change is spurred on by the revelation of Gerald’s relationship with Daisy Renton and Shelia’s maturity.