A Christmas carol
How does dickens present the effects of loneliness in a Christmas carol.
The allegorical novella a Christmas carol portrays the effects of loneliness and how much of a burden it bears on oneself. Dickens manipulates the charavter of Ebeneezer Scrooge to epitomise the metaphorical hibernation that loneliness can send you in. The authors message to the audience was that we must abstain from separating ourselves from society but should embrace our relationships and become one body. During the Victorian era - the plight of the Industrial Revolution - exploitation from buisness owners was common therefore this novella explores the damaging consequences of such exploitative actions.
Starting with this extract, it is apparent that Srcooge is ostracised and is alone in society. Alone in his counting house, Scrooge is as “solitary as an oyster”. Dickens employs this metaphor to encapsulate the overwhelmingly isolating effects that shutting out others has. Not only is Scrooge outcasted, but he is done so by his own choosing. He finds refuge in being alone which cannot be healthy for his well-being. An oyster has formed a brittle, hard shell which may allude that Scrooge too has a concrete, unbreakable defence mechanism around him. Perhaps this shell has been formed out of fear of poverty and rejection. It is important to notice that oysters can also contain pearls within them. The beautiful, valuable pearl may be what Scrooge could become if he opens his heart to change. It may also be what Scrooge once was before his marriage to wealth and status. The shell around him may be a symbol of capitalist ideals that the only significant things in a man’s life are money and oneself. This suppresses Scrooges pure form of being a pearl and presents him as a slave to capitalism, a product of the indoctrination he has faced. Equally, this simile may be hinting at the fact that money is not the be all and end all. Oysters are generally worth a lot of money due to their pearls. The fact that something so elegantly expensive can be outcasted and “Solitary” shows that monetary value has no actual meaning. The way a priceless pearl can be irrelevant, Scrooge insatiable desire to hoard wealth and shut himself off from anything else will also lead him to isolation. This encapsulates the effects of loneliness as Scrooge’s self-isolation will leave him brainwashed by capitalism and unable to reclaim the pearl he once wore.
During stave 2, The ghost of Christmas past takes Scrooge to visit his past self in School. Echoing his present self, Scrooge saw a “solitary schoolboy, neglected by his friends”. The language here of “solitary” is an extension of the current, self-contained Scrooge. Dickens attempts to evoke pathos and allow the audience to sympathize with the miser as we are shown a reason as to why Scrooge leads a frugal, reclusive life. The Sibilance creates a soft s sound to perhaps juxtapose the softness of child life with the harshness of adulthood. Moreover, the expectations of a “schoolboy” are meant to be merry and jovial yet Scrooge cannot unlock such emotions due to his neglect. This time he is lonely as a result of other people. Maybe this “neglect” is being blamed on the “friends” who shouldn’t be to blame. It’s not their responsibility to raise Scrooge but his parents. Perhaps this is subtle criticism to not just Scrooges parents, but parents in the Victorian Era who exploited their children and sold them into the world of work, for example chimney sweeping. Dickens uses young scrooge as a microcosm to show the effects that childhood neglect can have- a miserly and reclusive life. Alternatively, the neglection from friends could verily be the reason Scrooge disallows himself to enter relationships. He “displaced” his partner Belle with a “golden…idol”. His ill-treatment from humans led him to value objects like money thst cannot inflict harm or neglect. Also, we see Scrooge is parsimonious with his wealth and hoards it, perhaps in fear of it leaving him as vulnerable as his past self was. Generally, we are aware now of how a lonely childhood can spark adverse affects on your future self and it is the Ghost of Christmas Past that allows Scrooge to acknowledge this.
By the denouement of the play, we see Scrooge has undergone his transmogrification and epitomises the opposite of self-isolating. In stave 5, Scrooge is “quite a baby” and is as “merry as a schoolboy”. This imagery of childhood is repeated, in a different light than previously. Perhaps Scrooge is rejecting his past self who deprived himself of interpersonal relationships in fear of being neglected and would now rather be a “baby”. Babies, when left alone, can be extremely vulnerable to the dangers of humans yet Scrooge is willing to take this chance. He believes it’s better to be at risk if it means one can integrate in society. Babies also need human affection and care to survive therefore Scrooge could be attempting to compensate for his long, solitary life. He’s broken out of the shell he previously had formed and is no longer a slave to capitalism. Rejecting loneliness has allowed him to become truly liberated and free. Maybe this imagery of youthfulness could be a religious allegory to rebirth. This is salient in Christianity as developing a new, stronger connection with God and religion. Dickens could encourage the upper class who identified with Scrooge to reintegrate into society in order to gain a strong connection with Christ. The contemporary audience who were Christian would acknowledge this message. Also, the rebirth could be a reference to Jesus’ resurrection. He came back to provide salvation, the same way Scrooge will provide relief to the poor and no longer be parsimonious. The adjective “merry” connotes extreme liberation and elation. Scrooge feels free and empowered away from the shackles of capitalism and the burden of his solitary shell. Scrooge clearly is the antithesis of his past self. This is a construct by Dickens to promote the idea of social responsibility. He believed the social remedy to healing society was to treat everyone like family and not to exploit others. Scrooges redemption and rejection of loneliness encapsulates this therefore, Dickens presents the effects of loneliness successfully through a Christmas carol.