you always need to go through the same steps:
1) Scope
a. Does Union law applies, and what part of Union law?
i. Union citizen or TCN
ii. Whole internal situation
iii. What kind of situation? (vertical or horizontal)
iv. Case-law?
2) Breach
a. Problem in the case?
i. Direct discrimination
ii. Indirect discrimination
iii. Hinder of free movement
b. What article is breached?
3) Justification
a. Defense of the one (MS) who is breaching
!! What is said about the breach is important for justification as well, because e.g. direct discrimination is harder to find a justification than for indirect discrimination, …
4) Proportionality + human rights
a. Problem v. defense
i. Suitability (Is the measure suitable to attain the aim?)
ii. Necessity (Is the rule necessary? This means that if there is a less restrictive measure or possibility, the rule they use is not.)
If you follow this schema you must be able to solve the cases
Hope it will help