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The study of populations. It includes the study of births, deaths and migration that can lead to changes in population size and structure
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Examine the trends in births and deaths in the UK since 1900
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This is the actual number of live births in a population over a given time period.
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This is the number of live births per thousand of the population per year.
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E.g. if the birth rate was 15, this means 15 babies were born per thousand members of population that year.
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More women are remaining childless than in the past- some of the reasons for this might be:
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Women now see other possibilities other than the traditional housewife role. They are choosing to delay or remain childless
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The cost of raising children has risen (this could be due to the school leaving age rising)
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Children continue education (dependency therefore lasts longer)
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20% of respondents in a survey said they would remain childless because of money.
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Another 20% said they would have no more children
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People are increasingly released from the belief systems and norms of wider society. They are free to live a life of their own.
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They place limits on freedom
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Demand time, energy, and emotional investment
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Relationships are seen as a source of risk (e.g. divorce etc)
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Children add to this risk by putting strain on the relationship.
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Smaller family’s mean that women can go out to work- this creates dual earner couples. Typical of today’s society. This is supported by; Silver and Schor, Young and Wilmot and Gershuny.
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Fewer schools and childcare services needed.
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It has implications on the types of housing
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There will be a massive drain on the healthcare and welfare systems
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New Right: ‘Old people will become reliant on the state’.
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Retirement age will go up; social policies will have to change. E.g. free public transport etc.
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Dependency ratio- this is the amount of job’s needed compared to the amount of people to do them- the non working old are a drain on the system. The burden on the working population gets heavier.
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OCR A-level Sociology Paper 3 (H580/03) - 14th June 2023 [Exam Chat]159
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OCR A-level Sociology Paper 2 (H580/02) - 9th June 2023 [Exam Chat]209
Last reply 1 month ago
OCR A-level Sociology Paper 3 (H580/03) - 14th June 2023 [Exam Chat]159
Last reply 3 months ago
OCR A-level Sociology Paper 2 (H580/02) - 9th June 2023 [Exam Chat]209