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A Brief History of the Power Industry
From about 1800 to 1810 commercial illuminating gas companies were formed, first in Europe and shortly thereafter in the United States. The tallow candle and kerosene interests, sensing vigorous competition from this young industry, actively opposed gas lighting, describing it as a health menace and emphasizing its explosive potential. However, the basic advantage of more light at lower cost could not be suppressed indefinitely, and steady growth in the industry occurred throughout the nineteenth century, with the industry at its zenith in about 1885.
Exciting advances in understanding electrical and magnetic phenomena occurred during this same period. Humphrey Davy, Andre Ampere, George Ohm and Karl Gauss made significant discoveries, but the discovery that was to become basic to elevating electricity from its status as an interesting scientific phenomenon to a major technology with far reaching social implications was made by two independent workers, Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry. Ampere, among others, observed that magnetic fields were created by electric currents; yet no one discovered how electrical currents could be produced from magnetic fields. Faraday worked on such problems from 1821 to 1831, finally succeeding in formulating the great law that bears his name. He subsequently built a machine that generated a voltage based on magnetic induction principles.