Perfect intervals can only be with fourths and fifths!
It's a little more difficult to explain the other three - so I can give famous examples of intervals used!
Augmented (most likely to be augmented fourth) - 'Maria' from West Side Story - "
Ma-ri-a, I've just met a girl called Maria"
OR 'Simpson's Theme Tune' - "
The Simpsons"
Diminished and augmented chords are difficult as they can often be the same thing; an augmented fourth is also a diminished fifths e.g C to F#)
Minor - typically sound 'sad', although can be a little difficult to tell with intervals:
Minor third - 'Greensleeves' (trad)
Minor sixth - 'The Entertainer' - Scott Joplin (after the introduction)
Minor seventh (also augmented sixth) - 'Somewhere' from West Side Story (again!) - "
There's a place for us..."
Hope this helps, and good luck for the exam!!