The British Education system is so messed up. There are obvious problems with both GCSEs and A Levels but other factors which make it so much more problematic. This is just my opinion of course but I believe a lot of it is true making the whole system biased and unfair.
GCSE's
Whilst I think A Levels are a bigger problem there are still things which need addressing with GCSE's.
Firstly, it seems pointless/tedious for students to be taught to 'pass' these GCSE exams within 2-3 years just so they can take another set of exams the following 2 years. Obviously it is extremely unlikely that GCSEs will ever be cut, but taking so many exams at the age of 16 is not really beneficial to anyone, many students will wish to drop particular subjects without ever really understanding them fully, thus it would make more sense for only certain GCSE subjects to be examined i.e. Maths, English, Science whereas others should just be taught on the curriculum till year 10/11 as these are generally the only GCSE's you will really ever need.
A Levels
Unfortunately, A Levels have a huge bearing on your future, but they coincidentally fail to determine one's academic potential or intellectual ability.
The main problem here is subject choices, because people are given the freedom to choose what they wan't so early on they often make bad choices or regret the choices the y made originally. There's also the issue of 'difficulty' so called 'blacklisted' subjects are becoming more popular and more unis (other than Oxbridge) are becoming increasingly accepting of them, however this seems to be unfair and I'll give an example why; two students could both be applying for Law at a uni that say requires AAA, one student is taking Maths, History and Economics, another is taking Media, Business and Law. Without being biased it is quite clear that the first students is taking more challenging A Levels in comparison to the second and will have to work much harder to achieve the offer grades than student 2. Come results day, student 1 gets BBB, Student 2 gets AAA, based on the grades you might assume student 2 is 'smarter' or more 'academically capable' than student 1 but of course this may not be the case at all, but our education system has no way to account for this.
Secondly, there are numerous exam boards for different subjects even, this includes marginally different content and so on, as well as the way subjects are assessed. For instance, some exam boards for English have open book exams, some don't which is clearly an issue with standardisation which even grade boundaries can't account for.
Furthermore there is examiner marking, it is well known that not all examiners are competent or fully qualified for the job and especially with humanities/essay based subjects this is a huge problem and with the new 'remark' reforms there is very little way of accounting for inadequate marking, meaning the entire system is a fluke.
Coursework is also an issue, and alongside it marking both internally and externally, and any mistakes can mean the difference between grades and essentially a university place! There are clearly attempts to get rid of coursework, but unless all A Levels are fully exam based it won't really be standardised, as all A Levels are worth the same amount of UCAS points but doing well in your applied A Level coursework and failing your exam isn't really known by anyone when you still come out with i.e. a B.
BTECS
It's fairly obvious that BTECs require work, but nowhere near the amount as A Levels, and if people can nowadays get into a top uni without having to do A Levels there's clearly a problem. People nowadays will call their D*s an A*A*A* instead which isn't really fair as they didn't take A Levels but for some reason they are worth the same UCAS points. While some people might benefit more from vocational qualifications it is unfair to those who take A levels to have to compete for a place at uni with someone who had to take very few or perhaps even no exams.
Other factors
Whilst many universities do consider a person's living conditions/family income etc. all have different criteria which overall makes the application process unfair and beneficial to some people but not to others in similar situations.
Extenuating circumstances as such are also not considered to a great enough extent, in fact exam boards (if notified) can allow a 3% mark increase which is quite literally nothing and doesn't in anyway account for how badly one's circumstances may have affected them. The fact linear A Levels are a thing now is even more worrying and does not put previous A Level students on the same grounding as current ones as they do not have a chance to resit modules which previous years were able to, and this is a serious issue.
There is also the odd chance that someone had an off day on the exam or didn't have enough sleep etc. which hindered their performance, there are stories of A* students failing exams/getting average grades and the current system does nothing to account for this.
The school a person goes to also have a huge bearing on the grades they may achieve at A Level and with the existence of grammar schools and private schools there is no equal playing field when it comes to teaching quality or academic support as well as careers advice offered. Someone with A*AA from a grammar school may have the same intellectual ability/academic potential as someone who gets BBC from an average or low performing state school yet no one will ever know this. Yes there are people from low performing schools who do better and vice versa but they are simply anomalies in the grand scheme of things.
And unfortunately, not getting the grades at A Level can close the doors for people when applying for jobs, no matter how capable they are or how well they do later on in life or at university which is unfair and corrupt.
The Solution
Clearly the main problem is that there is a lack of standardisation in regards to academic qualifications in the UK. If there was one exam board and more qualified examiners many of these problems could easily be solved.
Standard Assessment Tests certainly need to be brought here, like in the US where everyone will take the same exams more or less. Everyone would generally benefit from having to study the following post-year 11/GSCE's and would help them make a more informed choice in their future career/aspirations rather than running off to do something completely untenable:
- Mathematics
- English
- Biology
- Chemistry
- Physics
- Philosophy
- Politics
- History
- A Language
- Citizenship (including psychology/PSHE etc.)
If all these subjects were standardised and assessed in the same way then it would be a much more fair and students from worse off schools/situation wouldn't be disadvantaged, it also means students can be assessed equally on the exact same exams which would make university admissions much less biased when differentiating between candidates' grades etc. They wouldn't necessary have as much content as A Levels but would obviously be harder and more complex than GCSEs and would still allow more room for citizenship based studies and extracurricular activities which is certainly less emphasised in current education in the UK. Early examination i.e. in January and then June/July may also be an option as students' futures wouldn't entirely be decided on one exam which is the case with new linear A Levels
This is not to say that A Levels should be completely abandoned, perhaps some university courses will require a specific A Levels and some A Levels may benefit one's application but there would no longer be a need for 3-4 A Levels as the standard assessment tests would do a better job of assessing one's academic ability. These tests would preferably include multiple choice (obviously complex and difficult still - this would also decrease wrongly marked papers due to examiner incompetency) rather than allow for regurgitation that grammar school students for instance may be more equipped for nowadays.
The teaching quality in preparation for these assessment tests should also be standardised, ensuring no individual benefits more than the other because of huge differences in teaching quality between schools, I'm not talking about the removal of grammar schools and such but ensuring equal opportunities.
If this was done then perhaps those pesky A Level requirements for graduate jobs would be removed. These standard assessment tests should also be made available to adults who haven't taken them and/or to get back into education and explore their potential.
I'm aware these problems may never be solved, or that there are better solutions, but I hope I somehow addressed things which I believe are huge issues in the current education system.