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Psychologists have put forward different explanations of attachment, such as learning
theory and Bowlby’s theory.
Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of attachment. (12 marks)
Psychologists have many different explanations of attachments. One of which is Bowlby's evolutionary theory. He suggests that attachments are an innate, biological response to illicit care giving, and therefore survival, of the infant. This is achieved through social releasers, which as crying and their 'cute' appearance which appeals to the potential caregiver. According to Bowlby's theory of monotropy, this caregiver should be a woman. Bowlby suggests that a child's attachment acts as a template for their future relationships so a stable attachment is necessary for a socially successful individual.
However, Bowlby's theory is based on research in goslings, which innately imprint on the first large, moving object they see. It could be argued that birds can't be generalised to human behaviour. There is also criticism to monotropy, as research has shown hat babies can form secure attachments with their fathers, or even multiple attachments with both parents. A criticism of Bowlby is also the learning theory. This suggests that attachments are formed by reinforcement (classical conditioning) or association (operant conditioning) this criticises that attachments are innate. Another criticism is research into cross-cultural variations in attachments. If attachments are innate, they should be universal. However, the variations of attachment types suggests different.
Thank you.
theory and Bowlby’s theory.
Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of attachment. (12 marks)
Psychologists have many different explanations of attachments. One of which is Bowlby's evolutionary theory. He suggests that attachments are an innate, biological response to illicit care giving, and therefore survival, of the infant. This is achieved through social releasers, which as crying and their 'cute' appearance which appeals to the potential caregiver. According to Bowlby's theory of monotropy, this caregiver should be a woman. Bowlby suggests that a child's attachment acts as a template for their future relationships so a stable attachment is necessary for a socially successful individual.
However, Bowlby's theory is based on research in goslings, which innately imprint on the first large, moving object they see. It could be argued that birds can't be generalised to human behaviour. There is also criticism to monotropy, as research has shown hat babies can form secure attachments with their fathers, or even multiple attachments with both parents. A criticism of Bowlby is also the learning theory. This suggests that attachments are formed by reinforcement (classical conditioning) or association (operant conditioning) this criticises that attachments are innate. Another criticism is research into cross-cultural variations in attachments. If attachments are innate, they should be universal. However, the variations of attachment types suggests different.
Thank you.
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This is my first attempt at a 12 mark question (aside from my mock exam which I haven't yet received back) so I have no idea where I am at the moment, nor what I need to do to improve.
This is my first attempt at a 12 mark question (aside from my mock exam which I haven't yet received back) so I have no idea where I am at the moment, nor what I need to do to improve.
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#5
Judging by the length, it'd be worth 5 marks max
You need to include a lot more research including A01 and A02 points... 3 research minimum
It says "one or more explanations of attachment"
they actually want you do to more than 1 though so defo compare to Ainsworth's theory and back up with research.
Make this at least 4 more times longer with more research and Ainsworth plus any other explanations you've learnt backed up with researh supporting and refuting, and you should be good
You need to include a lot more research including A01 and A02 points... 3 research minimum
It says "one or more explanations of attachment"
they actually want you do to more than 1 though so defo compare to Ainsworth's theory and back up with research.
Make this at least 4 more times longer with more research and Ainsworth plus any other explanations you've learnt backed up with researh supporting and refuting, and you should be good
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#6
I agree that it is quite short. Each paragraph is worth 6 marks. The first paragraph is A01 - the outline part. The second paragraph is A02 - the evaluate part. It's best to include two studies but I always do one in detail and then briefly outline an alternative explanation / findings after that. Then when I evaluate I focus on research methods because I find that's easier. Hope this helps a little
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#7
(Original post by LeaX)
Psychologists have put forward different explanations of attachment, such as learning
theory and Bowlby’s theory.
Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of attachment. (12 marks)
Psychologists have many different explanations of attachments. One of which is Bowlby's evolutionary theory. He suggests that attachments are an innate, biological response to illicit care giving, and therefore survival, of the infant. This is achieved through social releasers, which as crying and their 'cute' appearance which appeals to the potential caregiver. According to Bowlby's theory of monotropy, this caregiver should be a woman. Bowlby suggests that a child's attachment acts as a template for their future relationships so a stable attachment is necessary for a socially successful individual.
However, Bowlby's theory is based on research in goslings, which innately imprint on the first large, moving object they see. It could be argued that birds can't be generalised to human behaviour. There is also criticism to monotropy, as research has shown hat babies can form secure attachments with their fathers, or even multiple attachments with both parents. A criticism of Bowlby is also the learning theory. This suggests that attachments are formed by reinforcement (classical conditioning) or association (operant conditioning) this criticises that attachments are innate. Another criticism is research into cross-cultural variations in attachments. If attachments are innate, they should be universal. However, the variations of attachment types suggests different.
Thank you.
Psychologists have put forward different explanations of attachment, such as learning
theory and Bowlby’s theory.
Outline and evaluate one or more explanations of attachment. (12 marks)
Psychologists have many different explanations of attachments. One of which is Bowlby's evolutionary theory. He suggests that attachments are an innate, biological response to illicit care giving, and therefore survival, of the infant. This is achieved through social releasers, which as crying and their 'cute' appearance which appeals to the potential caregiver. According to Bowlby's theory of monotropy, this caregiver should be a woman. Bowlby suggests that a child's attachment acts as a template for their future relationships so a stable attachment is necessary for a socially successful individual.
However, Bowlby's theory is based on research in goslings, which innately imprint on the first large, moving object they see. It could be argued that birds can't be generalised to human behaviour. There is also criticism to monotropy, as research has shown hat babies can form secure attachments with their fathers, or even multiple attachments with both parents. A criticism of Bowlby is also the learning theory. This suggests that attachments are formed by reinforcement (classical conditioning) or association (operant conditioning) this criticises that attachments are innate. Another criticism is research into cross-cultural variations in attachments. If attachments are innate, they should be universal. However, the variations of attachment types suggests different.
Thank you.
Onto evaluation, the gosling studies are Lorenz's work, not Bowbly, this is a bit unclear from your wording. You haven't said WHY birds can not be generalised to human behaviour, (this would give you higher marks, I know it seems obvious but you have to pretend the examiner is a little child, saying why, why, why and explain everything). You haven't clearly explained why opererant or classical conditioning is a critism of attachment being innate. Again, I know it probabaly seems obvious to you that learning theory means, that something is learnt, therefore caused by environment, but you need to say this! You could have also made this more descriptive by saying how exactly (If i recall it's to do with food) Another good study to use would be Harry Harlow's rhebus monkeys if you wanted to evaluate learning theory and also supports the maternal deprivation hypothesis. Futhermore, I can't remember the researcher's name, but there is one about Israeli kibbutz's( even though the infants are with a 'metapelet' (type of nurse) for the majority of time, they show stronger attachment behaviour to their mother, supporting his idea of monotropy etc. ) For a 12 marker, I'd say you need to include 3/4 studies.
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#8
You need 6 various outlining points for to outline what attachments are and then atleast 3 developed evaluations points (strengths and weaknesses) on it supporting such a theory with research evidence or discrediting it with research.
3 points developed will equal 2 marks each.
Thats what I think.
3 points developed will equal 2 marks each.
Thats what I think.
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