On This Day: A Compendium

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1055: Theodora is crowned empress of the Byzantine Empire

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1571: The Austrian nobility is granted freedom of relgion.

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1693: Mt Etna erupts, a powerful earthquake follows destroying parts of Siciliy and Malta

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1787: William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moons of Uranus.

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1861: Alabama secedes from the United States.

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1878: Milk is first delivered in bottles.

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1912: immigrant textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts strike over lower wages.

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1919: Romania annexes Transylvania

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1922: Insulin is first used to treat diabetes in humans

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1923: Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr in order to make Germany make ww1 payments.

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1935: Amelia Earhart becomes the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to Calafornia

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1942: Japan captures Kuala Lumpur and on the same day declares war on the Netherlands, invading the Netherlands East Indies.

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1943: The UK and USA give up territorial rights in China.

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1946: Enver Hoxha declares the People’s Republic of Albania, with himself as head of State.

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1960: Henry Lee Lucas commits his first known murde.r

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1964: Dr Luther Terry M.D publishes a report saying smoking may be hazardous to health, sparking anti smoking efforts.

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1972: East Pakistan renames itself Bangladesh.

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1990: 300,000 march in favour of Lithuanain independence.

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1994: The Irish Government announces an end to a 15 yr broadcasting ban on the IRA and Sinn Fein.

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1998: Sidi-Hamed massacre takes place in Algeria, killing over 100.

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2003: Illinois governor George Ryan commutes the death sentences of 167 prisoners on Illonois death rowm based on the Jon Burge Scandal

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2013: One French solider and 17 millitants are killed in a attempt to free a French hostage in Somalia.

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475: Basiliscus becomes Byzantine emperor, days after Zeno was driven out by a revolt.

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1539: The treaty of Toledo is signed by King Francis I of France, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

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1616: The city of Belem is founded in Brazil by Francisco Calderia Castelo Branco

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1872: Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopa in Axum, the first Imperial coronation in the city for over 200 years.

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1908: A long distance radio message is sent from the Effiel tower for the first time.

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1909: An explosion in a West Virginia coal mine kills 67.

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1915: The United States House of Represntitives rejects a proposal to give women the vote.

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1962: Operation Chopper, the first American comabt mission in the Vietnam war, takes place.

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1964: Rebels in Zanzibar start a revolt and proclaim a republic.

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1966: President Lyndon B. Johnson states that the United States should stay in South Vietnam until communist agression ends there.

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1970: The Nigerian Civil war ends with the capitualtion of Biafra.

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1971: Reverend Phillip Berrigan, and five others, are indicted on charges of conspiriing to kindap Henry Kissinger and plotting to blow up heating tunnels of Fed buildings in Washighron DC.

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1991: An act of U.S congress authorises the use of military force to drive Iraq out of Kuwait.

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1992: A constitution providing the freedom to form political parties is approved in Mali via a referendum.

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1998: Nineteen European nations agree to forbid human cloning.

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2004: The RMS QM2 makes its maiden Voyage

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2006: The foreign ministers of the U.K, France anf Germany declare nuclear negoiations with Iran have come to a dead end and Iran should be referred to the UN Secruity council. Meanwhile a stampede at the stoning of the devil ritual in Saudi Arabia kills 362, and Turkey releases Mehmet Ali Agca from prison after 25 years for shooting Pope John Paul II.

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2010: A earthquake occurs in Haiti, killing 316,000 and destroying Port au Prince.

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1128: Pope Honorius II recognises the Knights Templar, a group of brave religious noblemen

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1607: The Bank of Genoa fails after the announcement of national Bankruptcy in Spain.

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1610: Galieo Galilei discovers Ganymede, 4th moon of Jupiter.

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1666: French traveller Jean-Baptiste Tavernier arrives as Dhaka, meeting Shaista Khan.

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1822: The design of the Greek flag is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.

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1840: The steamship Lexington burns and sinks four miles off the coast of Long Island, killing 139.

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1842: Dr William Brydon, a surgeon in the British army during thr first Anglo-Afghan war, becomes famous for being the sole survivor from an army of 16,500 when he reaches the Garrison in Jalalabad.

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1847: The treaty of Cahuenga ends the Mexican-American war in Calafornia.

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1893: The Independent Labour Party of the United Kingdom holds its first meeting. Meanwhile U.S Marines land in Honolulu to prevent the Queen from abrogating the bayonet Constitution.

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1895: The first battle of the Italian-Ethiopian war takes place with an Italian victory.

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1910: The first public radio broadcast takes place in New York.

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1915:An earthquake in Avezzano, Italy, kills 29,800.

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1935: A plebiscte in Saarland shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to join Nazi Germany.

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1939: The black Friday Bush fires burn 20,000km sqaured of land in Australia, killing 71.

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1942: An aircraft ejection seat is first used. Meanehile Henry Ford patenrs a plastics automobile, which is 30% lighter than a regular car.

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1951: The battle of Vinh Yen begins in the first Indochina war.

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1953: Marshal Tito is chosen as President of Yugoslavia, meanwhile an article in Pravda accuses doctors (mostly Jewish ones) of plotting to poison the top Soviet leadership.

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1958: The Moroccan Army of Liberation ambushes a Spanish Patrol in the Battle of Edchera.

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1964: Hindu-Muslim rioting breaks out in Calcutta (Now Kolkata) resulting in the death of more than 100 people.

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1966: Robert C Weaver becomes the first African American Cabinet member.

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1972: Prime Minister Kofi Abrefa Busia and President Edward Akufo-Addo of Ghana are ousted in a coup by Colonel Igatius Kutu Acheampong.

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1982: Air Florida Flight 90 crashes into Washington DC’s 14th State Bridge, falling into the Potomac river

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1985: A passenger train plunges into a ravine in Ethiopa, killing 428.

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1986: A month long struggle begins in Aden, South Yemen, between supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammed and Abdul Fattah Ismail, resulting in thousnads of causlites.

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1990: Douglas Wilder becomes the first elected African American Govoner as he takes office in Richmond, Virginia.

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1991: USSR troops attack Lithuanaian independence supportets in Vilnius

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1992: Japan apologises for forcing Korean Women into sexual slavery during WW2.

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2001: An earthquake hits El Salvador, killing more than 800

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2012: The passenger ship Costa Concordia sinks off the coast of Italy, 31 are confirmed dead.

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1514: Pope Leo X issues a papal bull against slavery

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1539: Spain annexes Cuba

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1724: King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne

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1784: The United States ratified a treary with England ending the revolutionary war.

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1814: Frederick VI of Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in return of Pomerania.

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1858: Napeloen III of France escapes an assassination attempt.

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1907: An earthquake in Kingston, Jamacia, kills more than 1000.

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1911: Roald Amundsen’s South Pole expedition makes landfall on the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf.

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1913: The Greek army defeats the Turks at Bizani.

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1938: Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica.

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1943: Churchill and Roosevelt begin the Casablanca conference to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war.

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1950: The first prototype of the MiG-17 makes its maiden flight

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1969: An explosion aboard the USS Enterprise near Hawaii kills 27.

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1972: Queen Margrethe II of Denmark ascends to the throne, the first queen since 1412 and the first monarch not named Frederick or Chritstian since 1513.

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1973: Elvis Presley’s concert Aloha from Hawaii is broadcast live via Satallite setting the record for the most watched broadcast by a individual entertainer in history.

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1994: Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin sign accords in Moscow to stop aiming missles at any nation and to dismatle Ukraine’s nuclear arsenal.

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2000: A UN tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats up to 25 years for the 1993 killing of over 100 Muslims in a Bosnian villiage.

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2004: The national flag of the Republic of Georgia is restored to official use after 500 years.

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2010: Yemen declares open war on al-Qaeda.

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2011: Former Tunisian President, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, flees to Saudi Arabia at the birth of the Arab spring.

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69: Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Roman Emperor.

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1541: France’s Francis I gives Jean-Francois Roberval a commission to settle the province of New France to provide for the spread og the holy catholic faith.

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1559: Elizabeth I is crowned Queen of England in Westminster Abbey.

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1582: Russia cedes Livonia and Estonia to the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth.

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1777: New Connectitcut declares its independence

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1865: Fort Fisher in North Carolina falls to the Union, cutting off the last major Confederate Seaport.

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1889: The Coca-cola company is incorporated in Atlanta, Georgia.

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1910: Construction ends on the Buffalo Bill Dam in Wyoming, the highest Dam in the world at the time.

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1919: Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht are murdered by the Freikorps at the end of the Spartacist uprising.

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1936: The first building to be completely covered in glass in completed in Toledo, Ohio.

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1937: In the Spanish Civil War Nationilists and Republican forces withdraw after suffering heavy losses, ending the Second Battle of the Corunna Road.

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1943: The world’s largest office building, The Pentagon, is dedicated on Arlington, Virginia.

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1947: The corpse of Elizabeth Short, known as the Black Dahlia, is found in Leimert Park in Los Angeles.

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1949: In the Chinese Civil War communist forces take over Tianjin from the Nationilist Government.

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1951: Ilse Koch, the witch of Buchemwald, is sentenced to life in prison in West Germany.

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1966: The Nigerian First Republic is overthown is a coup by the military.

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1970: Moammar Gadhafi is procliamed Premier of Libya, meanehile in the Nigerian Civil War Biafra surrenders.

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1973: President Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam.

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1974: Dennis Rader, the BTK Killert, kills his first victims by blinding, torturing and murdering: Jospeh, Jospeh II, Joesphine and Julie Otero in their house.

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1975: The Alvor Agreement is signed, ending the Angolan War of Independence, giving Angola independence from Portugal.

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1977: The Kalvesta air disaster kills 22, the worst air crash in Sweden’s history.

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1991: The UN deadline from the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from Kuwait expires, paving the way for Operation Desert Storm.

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1992: The international community recognises the independence of Slovenia and Croatia from Yugoslavia.

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1993: Salvatore Riina, the Mafia boss known as “The Beast”, is arrested in Italy after 3 decades as a fugitive.

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2001: Wikipedia goes online.

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2007: Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad Hamed al-Bandar (formely comrades of Sadam Hussien) are executed by hanging in Iraq.

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2016: The Kenyan Army suffers its worst defeat ever in a battle with Al-Shabaab terrorists in Somalia with an estimated 150 Kenyans dying.

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27 BC: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title of Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.

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550 AD: The Ostrogoths, under King Totila, conquer Rome after a long siege by bribing the Isaurian Garisson.

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929: Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III established the Caliphate of Cordoba.

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1412: The Medici family is appointed official banker of the papacy.

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1547: Ivan the Terrible becomes Czar of Russia

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1556: Phillip II becomes King of Spain.

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1572: Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to bring Catholicism back to England. 9 years later the relgion is outlawed.

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1707: The Scottish Parliament ratifies the act of union, paving the way for the creation of Great Britain.

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1761: The British capture Pondichery, India, from the French.

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1777: Vermont declares its independence from New York.

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1862: 204 are killed in a mining disaster, leading to a change in UK law requiring all collieries to have at least two independent means of escape.

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1878: Captain Burago liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman Rule in the Russo-Turkish war.

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1909: Ernest Shackleton’s expedition finds the magnetic South Pole.

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1919: The US ratifies the 18th amendment to the Constitution, authorising prohibition in the US.

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1920: The League of Nations holds its first council meeting in Paris, France.

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1939: The IRA begins a bombing an sabotage campaign in England.

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1945: Adolf Hitler moces into the Fuhrerbunker as the Russians close in on Berlin.

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1956: President Nasser of Egypt vows to reconquer Palestine.

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1969: Czech student, Jan Palach, commits suicidie in Prague in protest against the Soviet crushing of the Prague Spring a year before.

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1979: The last Iranian shah flees Iran for good, relocating to Egypt.

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1991: The Gulf war begins.

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1992: El Salvador officials and rebels leader sign the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City, ending the 12 year Salvadoran Civil War that claimed 75,000 lives.

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2001: Congolsese President Laurent-Desire Kabila is assassinated by own of his own bodyguards.

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2002: The UN sercruity council establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda and the remaining Taliban members.

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2003: The Space shuttle Columbia takes off for Mission STS-107, which would be its final one.

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2005: Romanian novalist Adriana Iliescu becomes the oldest mother in the world, aged 66.

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2006: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf becomes President of Liberia, the first female elected head of state in Africa.

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2016: 23 are killed by terrorist attacks in Ouagadougou.

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395: Emperor Theodosius I dies in Milan, the Roman Empire is divided into an Eastern and Western half. The Eastern half is centered in Constantinople, ruled by Arcadius. The Western in Mediolanum under Honorius.

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1377: Pope Greogory XI moves the Papacy from Avignon to Rome.

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1524: Giovanni da Verrazzano begins his voyage to find a passage to China, saling westward from Maderia.

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1595: Henry IV of France declares war on Spain.

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1648: England’s long parliament passes the vote of No Adresses, breaking off neoiations with King Charles I setting the scene for the Second English Civil War.

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1773: Captain James Cook and his crew become the first Europeans to sail below the Antarctic circle.

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1811: In the battle of Calderon bridge, 6000 outnumbered Spanish troops defeat a Meixcan force of 100,000.

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1852: The U.K recongnises the independence of the Boer colonies of the Transvaal.

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1873: A group of Modoc warriors defeat the United States in the First Battle of the Stronghold.

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1893: The Citizens committee of Public Safety, led by Lorrin A. Thurston, overthows the Government of Queen Liliuokalani of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

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1899: The United States takes possession of Wake Island.

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1912: Captain Robert Falcon Scott reaches the South Pole, a month after Roald Amundsen had done so.

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1913: Raymond Poincare is elected President of France

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1917: The United States pays Denmark $25m for the Virgin Islands.

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1918: The first major battle takes place between the Red Guards and the White Guards in the Finnish Civil war.

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1929: Inayatullah Khan, King of the Emirate of Afghanisan, abdicates the throne after only 3 days.

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1941: Kuomintang forces under orders from Chiang Kai-Shek open fire at communist forces, resuming the Chinese Civil war.

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1944: Allied forces launch the first of 4 assaults on Monte Cassino with the intention of breaking through the winter line and seizing Rome.

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1945: Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenburg is taken into Soviet custody in Hungary, he is never publicly seen again. Meanwhile the Nazis begin to evacuate Aushcwitz as Soviet forces also capture Warsaw.

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1946: The UN secruity council holds its first session.

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1950: 11 theives steal more than $2m from an armoured car comapny’s office in Boston.

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1961: U.S President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a televised farwell adress to the nation 3 days before leaving office. Meanwhile former Congolese PM Patrice Lumumba is murdered, it is rumoured that the U.S and Belgian Govs were involved.

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1966: A B-52 bomber collides with a KC-Strarotanker over Spain, killing 7. Three nukes drop near Palomares and a another falls into the sea (they don’t detonate)

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1973: Ferdinand Macros becomes president for life in the Phillipines

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1985: BT announce the retirement of red telephone boxes.

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1989: Patrick Prudy opens fire at Cleveland Elementary school, killing 5 before taking his own life.

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1991: Harald V becomes King of Norway, meanwhile Iraq fires 8 scud missiles into Israel.

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1995: The great Hanshin earthquake occurs in japan, killing 6434.

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1998: Paula Jones accuses Bill Clinton of sexual harrasment

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350: General Magnentius deposes Constans and declares himself Roman Emperor.

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474: Leo II becomes Byzantine Emperor.

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1486: Henry VII of England marries Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV.

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1535: Spanish conquistador Fransisco Pizarro founds Lima, Peru.

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1670: Henry Morgan captures Panama.

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1701: Frederick I crowns himself King of Prussia.

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1778: James Cook is the first known European to discover the Hawaiin island, he names them the sandwich islands.

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1788: The first elements of the First Fleet carrying 736 convicts from England to Australia arrive at Botnay Bay.

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1861: Georgia joins South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi and Alabama in seceding from the United States.

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1871: Wilhem I of Germany is procliamed German Emperor in the gall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, France, towards the end of the Franco-Prussian war. To Germans, the Empire is known as the second Reich.

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1919: Bentley Motors is founded.

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1941: British troops launch a general counter offensive against Italian East Africa.

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1943: The first uprising of Jews occurs in the Warsaw ghetto.

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1944: Soviet forces Liberate Leningrad, ending the three year siege by the Nazis.

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1945: Soviet forces liberate Krakow in Poland, and the Budapest Ghetto in Hungary.

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1955: The battle of Yijiangshan in the Chinese Civil war occurs.

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1960: Captial Airlines Flight 20 crashes into a farm in Charles County Virginina, killing all 50 onboard.

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1969: United Airlines Flight 266 crashes into Santa Monica Bay killing all 38 onboard.

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1974: Egypt and Israel sign a disengagement of forces agreement, ending Egyptian involvement in the Yom Kippur War.

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1976: Lebanese Christian militias overrun Karantina, Beriut, killing over 1000.

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1978: The ECHR finds the U.K guilty of mistreating prsioners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture.

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1993: Martin Luther King Jr Day is observed by the first time by all 50 States.

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1997: In northwest Rwanda, Hutu militia members kill 3 Spanish aid workers, 3 soldieres and wound one over, Meanwhile Borge Ousland of Norway becomes the first person to cross Antartica unaided.

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1998: Matt Drudge breaks the Bill Clinton- Monica Lewinsky affair story on his webstie.

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2002: The Sierra Leone Civil War is delcared over.

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2007: The strongest storm in 17 years in the UK kills 14, hurricane Kyrill causes 44 deaths across Western Europe.

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2008: Hamas announce they will accept Isreal’s offer of a ceasfire, ending the Gaza war.

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1419: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England, completing the English conquest of Normandy.

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1607: San Agustin Church in Manila is completed, the oldest church still standing in the Phillipines.

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1661: Thomas Venner is hung, drawn and quartered in London.

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1795: The Batavian Republic is proclaimed in the Netherlands bringing to an end the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.

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1817: An army of 5423 led by General Jose de San Martin, crosses the Andes from Argentina to liberate Chile and Peru.

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1883: The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by Thomas Edison, begin service.

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1915: German zeppelins bomb the towns of Great Yarmouth and King’s Lynn, killing more than 20. The first major aerial bombardment of a civilian target.

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1917: German foregin secretary Arthur Zimmermann sends the Zimmermann telegram to Mexico, proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the United States.

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1920: The United States senate votes against joining the league of nations.

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1937: Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying from Los Angeles, California to NYC in 7 hours, 28 minutes and 25 seconds.

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1942: Japanese forces invade Burma.

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1945: Soviet forces liberate the Lodz ghetto, only 900 out of 200,000 inhabitants survived.

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1946: General Douglas MacArthur establishes the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo to try Japanese war criminals.

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1949: Cuba recognises Israel.

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1960: Japan and the U.S sign the US-Japan mutual secruity treaty.

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1966: Indria Gandhi is elected Prime Minister of India.

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1974: China gain control of the Paracel Islands after a military engagement between the Naval forces of the PRC and South Vietnam.

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1977: Snow falls in Miami, Florida. The only time in the city’s history.

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1981: US and Iranian officials sign an agreement to release 52 American hostages after 14 months of captivity.

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1983: Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie is arrested in Bolvia.

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1986: The first IBM PC computer virus is released into the wild, dubbed (c)Brian it was created by the Farooq Alvi brothers in Lahore.

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1993: Slovakia and the Czech Republic join the UN. Meanwhile IBM announces a $4.97Bn loss in 1992, the largest corporate loss in U.S history.

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1997: Yasser Arafat returns to Hebron after more than 30 years and joins celebrations over the handover of the last Israeli controlled West Bank City.

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2007: Turkish Journalist Hrant Dink is assassinated in his office by 17 yr old ultra nationalist Ogun Samast.

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2013: A failed attempt to assassinate Ahmed Dogan is broadcast on live tv.

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2014: A bomb attack on a convoy in the city of Bannu kills 26.

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1265: In Westminster the First English parliament conducts its first feeding held by Simon de Montfort, known as the houses of parliament.

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1356: Edward Balliol abdicates as King of Scotland.

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1502: The Present day location of Rio de Janerio is first explored.

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1523: Christian II abdicates as King of Denmark and Norway.

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1567: Portugese forces under the command of Estacio de Sa drive the French out of Rio.

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1649: Charles I goes on trial for treason.

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1667: In the treaty of Andrusovo the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth cedes Kiev and Smolensk.

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1841: Hong Kong island is occupied by the British.

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1877: The last day of the Constantinople conference which resulted in political reforms in the Balkans.

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1921: The first constitution of Turkey is adopted.

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1936: Edward VIII becomed King of the United Kingdom

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1937: Franklin Roosevelt is inaugurated for a second term as U.S President, the first Inauguration to occur in January.

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1941: A german officer is murdered in Bucharest Romania, resulting in a pogram by the Iron Guard.

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1942: At the Wannsee Conference held in Berlin, senior Nazi officals discuss the implementation of “The Final Solution”

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1945: Roosevelt begins his forth term. Meanwhile Germany starts to evacuate 1.8m people from Prussia and Hungary signs an armistice with the allies.

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1961: Kennedy is inaugurated as President, the youngest ever.

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1972: Pakistan launches its nuclear weapons programme after its defeat in the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistan

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1981: Iran releases 52 American hostages, 20 minutes after Ronald Reagan was inaugurated, the crisis lasted for 444 days.

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1991: The Sudanese government imposes Islamic War nationwide, woresning the civil war,

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1992: Air Inter Flight 148 crashes near Strasbourg in France.

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1999: The China News Service announces new government restrictions on internet use.

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2001: Phillipine President Jospeh Estrada is oustded in a 4 day revolution, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo becomes President

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2006: A bottlenose whale is spotted in the Thames.

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2009: Obama is inaugarted, he is the first black U.S President

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2017: Donald Trump is inagurated as President.

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1189: Phillip II of France and Richard I of England assemble troops for the 3rd Crusade.

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1287: Minorca is conquered by King Alfons III of Aragon.

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1643: Abel Tasman becomes the first European to reach Tonga.

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1793: After being found guilty of treason by the French Convention, Louis XVI is executed by Guillotine.

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1861: Jefferson Davis resigns from the U.S Government.

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1887: 18.3 inches of rain falls in Brisbane, a record for any Australian capital city.

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1899: Opel manufacters its first automobile.

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1911: The first Monte Carlo rally takes place.

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1919: The first engagement of the Irish Civil war occurs.

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1921: The Italian communist party is founded at Livorno.

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1925: Albania declares itself a republic.

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1954: The first neuclear powered sub is launched.

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1960: Avianca Flight 671 crashes at Montego bay, killing 37.

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1961: 435 are buired alive when a mine in Coalbrook, Free State, collapses.

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1968: A B52 crashes near thule, one of the 4 bombs onboard remains unaccounted for after the cleanup. The battle of Khe Sanh begins.

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1977: President Carter pardons nearly all American Vietnam war draft evaders.

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1981: The DeLorean DMC-12 begins production.

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1997: Newt Gingrich becomes the first leader of the U.S house of representitives to be internally disciplined for ethical misconduct.

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1999: The U.S coast guard intercepts a ship with 9,500lb of cocaine on-board.

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2008: Black Monday in worldwide stock markets, with markets falling sharply.

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1506: The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guard arrive at the Vatican.

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1517: The Ottoman Empire captures modern day Egypt at the battle of Ridaniya.

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1521: Emperor Charles V opens the diet of worms.

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1689: The convenction parliament opens in England to determine if James II had vacated the throne when he fled to France.

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1771: Spain cedes Port Egmund in the Fawkland Islands to England.

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1863: The January uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belerus. The aim is to restore the Polish-Lithuanain commonwealth.

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1879: In the Anglo-Zulu war 139 British solidieers defend themselves from 3-4 thousands Zulu warriors at Rorke’s drift. But the British are defeated at Isandlwana.

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1899: Leaders of 6 Australian colonies meet in Melbourne to discuss confederacy.

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1901: After the death of Queen Victoria, Edward VII is proclaimed King.

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1905: Bloody Sunday occurs in St Petersburg, begining the Russian Revolution of 1905.

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1915: over 600 are killed in Guadalajara, Mexico when a train plunges into a deep canyon.

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1919: Act Zluky is singed, unifying the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the West Ukrainan National Republic.

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1924: Ramsay McDonald becomes the U.Ks first Labour Prime Minister.

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1931: Issac Issacs becomes the first Australian born Govoner General of Australia.

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1941: British and Commonwealth troops capture Torbuk from the Italians.

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1946: In Iran, Qazi Muhammed declares the Independent People’s Republic of Mahabad in the city of Muhabad, with himself as President and Hadschi Baba Scheich as PM.

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1957: The New York City mad bomber, George P Metesky, is arrested and charged with planting 30 bombs. Meanehile Isreal withraws from the Sinai Peninsula

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1963: France and Germany sign the elysee treaty.

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1969: A gunman attempts to assassinate Soviet leader Leniod Brezhev

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1970: The Jumbo Jet has its first journey, from JFK to Heathrow.

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1973: Elective abortion is legalised in all 50 U.S States.

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1987: Pennsylvania politician R. Budd Dwyer shoots and kills himself during a press confrence, meanwhile Phillipine secruity forces open fire outside the Malacnan Palace killing 13

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1990: Robert Tappan Morris is convicted of releasing the 1988 Internet Computer Worm.

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1992: Dr Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman in Space.

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1995: The Beit Lid massacre occurs in Israel, two suicide bombers from the Gaza strip blow themselves up, killing 19.

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2007: 88+ are killed when two car bombs explode in the Bab Al-Sharqi market in Baghdad

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971: In China the Elephant corps of the Southern Han Dysanasty are defeated by Song Dysansty crossbows, the Song dynasty becomes dominant.

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1368: Zhu Yuanzhang acends to the Chinese throne, begining three centuries of Ming Dynasty rule.

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1556: The deadliest earthquake in history occurs in Shaanxi provience, killing up to 830,000

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1570: James Moray, regent of Scotland for tje infant James I, ia assassinated causing a civil war.

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1579: The Union of Ultrecht forms a protestant republic in the Netherlands.

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1719: The principalty of Liechtensein is created within the Holy Roman Empire.

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1793: Poland is partioned for a second time by Prussia and Russia.

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1870: The Marias Massacre takes place, in which U.S cavarlymen kill 173 Native Americans

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1897: Elva Zona Heaster is found dead, in the resulting murder trial her husband is found guility due to the alleged testimony of a ghost.

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1899: Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as President of the first Phillipine republic.

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1900: The British are defeated at the Battle of Spion Kop.

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1904: The Norweigen town Alesund is destroyed in a fire, Kasier Wilhem II funds the rebuild.

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1909: RMS republic becomes the first ship to use the COD distress signal after a collision.

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1920: The Netherlands refusws to surrender the exiled Kaiser Wilhem II to the allies.

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1937: In Moscow, 17 communist go on trial for allegedly participating in a Trotksy led plot to otherthrow Stalin’s regine.

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1941: Charles Lindbergh testifies before U.S congress and reccomends the U.S negioate a neutrality pact with Hitler.

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1943: American and Australian troops finallt defeat tha Japanese at Papua and the British under Montgomery capture Tripoli from the Italain-German army.

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1945: Admiral Donitz launches operation Hannibal.

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1950: The Knesset passes a resolution that states Jeresalem is the capital of Israel.

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1958: President Jimenez leaves Venezuela after a general uprising.

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1961: The Portugese luxry cruise ship Santa Maria is hijacked by opponets of the Estado Novo regime, with the intention of waging war until Salazar is overthrown.

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1963: The Guinea-Bassau War of Independence begins when PAIGC guerilla fighters attack the Portugese army.

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1967: Milton Keynes is founded as a new town. Meanwhile the Ivory Coast and Soviet Union establish dilpomatic relations.

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1968: North Korea sezies the USS Peublo, claiming it was spying.

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1973: President Nixon announces a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam.

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2001: Five people attempt to set themselves alight in Tiananmen Square in China, many believe it was staged by the Communist Party to escalate persecution.

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41 AD: Roman Emperor Caligua is assassinated by the Praetorian guard, his nephew, Claudius, sucseeds him.

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1679: Charles II dissolves the Cavalier Parliament.

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1742: Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

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1835: Slaves in Salvador de Bahia in Brazil stage a revolt, this would be instrumental in the ending of slavery 50 years later.

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1848: James W Marshall finds gold at Sutter’s mill near Sacramento.

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1862: Bucharest is proclaimed captial of Romania.

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1918: The Gregorian calender is introduced in Russia

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1924: Petorgrad is renamed Leningrad.

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1939: The deadliest earthquake in Chilean history strikes, killing 28,000

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1942: The allies bombard Bangkok, leading to the Japanese controlled Thailand to declare war on the U.S and U.K

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1943: Chruchill and Roosevelt end their conference at Casablanca

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1947: Greek banker Dimitrios Maximos becomes Prime Minister of Greece.

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1961: A B52 crashes over North Carolina, the uranium core of one of the weapons onboard remains lost.

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1966: An air India Boeing 707 crashes on Mont Blanc, killing 117.

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1972: Sgt Shoichi Yokoi is founded hiding in a Guam jungle, he had been there since the end of WW2. Only 2 soliders held out for longer.

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1977: The Massacre of Atcoha occurs in Spain.

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1978: Soviet satallite Cosmos 954, with a nuclear reactor onboard, burns up in the atmosphere and scatters radioactive debris in Canada’s northwest terrirotires, Only 1% is recovered.

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2011: 35 die in a bombing at Moscow’s Domodedovo airport.

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2014: The Phillipines and the Bnagsamoro agree to a peace ending 45 years of confilct.

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45 BC In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda

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180 Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius dies leaving his son Commodus aged 18 as sole emperor

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432 Saint Patrick, aged about 16 is captured by Irish pirates from his home in Great Britain and taken as a slave to Ireland (traditional date)

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455 Roman senator Petronius Maximus becomes Emperor

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1190 Crusades complete massacre of Jews of York England

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1337 Edward the Black Prince is made Duke of Cornwall, the first Duchy made in England

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1521 Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan reaches the Philippines

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1526 French King Francois I freed from Spain

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1279 A Mongolian victory at the naval Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China

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1644 200 members of Peking imperial family and court commit suicide in loyalty to the Emperor

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1863 Confederate cruiser SS Georgiana destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions, and medicines then valued over $1,000,000. Wreck discovered exactly 102 years later by teenage diver and pioneer underwater archaeologist E. Lee Spence.

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1920 US Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles for 2nd time refusing to ratify League of Nations' covenant (maintaining isolation policy)

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1932 The Sydney Harbour Bridge is opened

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2003 Airstrikes by an American and British-led coalition signal the beginning of the Invasion of Iraq, without United Nations support and in defiance of world opinion

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1602 United Dutch East Indian Company (VOC) forms

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1800 Alessandro Volta reports his discovery of the electric battery in a letter to Joseph Banks, president of the Royal Society of London

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1815 Napoleon enters Paris after escape from Elba, begins 100-day rule

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1900 US Secretary of State John Hay announces that all nations to whom he sent notes calling for an 'open door' policy in China have essentially accepted his stand

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1933 Dachau the first Nazi concentration camp, is completed

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2016 Barack Obama becomes the first US President to visit Cuba since 1928, arriving for a 3 day tour

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1349 Between 100 and 3,000 Jews are killed in Black Death riots in Erfurt, Germany

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1804 Napoleonic Code adopted in France, stresses clearly written and accessible law

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1871 Journalist Henry Morton Stanley begins his famous expedition to Africa

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1975 Ethiopia abolishes its monarchy after 3,000 years

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2014 Russia formally annexes Crimea amid international condemnation

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1622 First American Indian (Powhatan) massacre of Europeans in Jamestown Virginia, 347 killed

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1765 Stamp Act passed; 1st direct British tax on American colonists, organized by Prime Minister George Grenville

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1784 The Emerald Buddha is moved with great ceremony to its current place in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand

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1832 British Parliament, led by Charles Grey, passes the Reform Act, introducing wide-ranging changes to electoral system of England and Wales, increasing electorate from about 500,000 voters to 813,000

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1954 Northland Center, the world's largest shopping mall of the time, opens in Oakpark, Michigan

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1965 US confirms its troops used chemical warfare against the Vietcong

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2018 US President Donald Trump imposes $60 billion worth of tariffs on Chinese imports

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1490 1st dated edition of Maimonides "Mishneh Torah", a code of Jewish religious law is published

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1775 Patrick Henry proclaims "Give me liberty or give me death" in speech in favour of Virginian troops joining US Revolutionary war

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1919 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party re-establishes a five-member Politburo which becomes the center of political power in the Soviet Union. Original members Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Lev Kamenev and Nikolai Krestinsky

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1933 Enabling Act: German Reichstag grants Adolf Hitler dictatorial powers

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1945 Battle of Okinawa: US Navy ships bomb the Japanese island of Okinawa in preparation for the Allied invasion; it would become the largest battle of the Pacific War in World War II

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2019 Syrian Democratic Forces announce that the last Islamic State territory has been retaken raising flags in Baghuz, Syria and ending the five-year Islamic State "caliphate"