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OCR BIOLOGY ANALYSYIS OF PASTpAPERS + PREdICTIONS =o
Look at these last so you don't focus your revision on them, you can use them if your stuck on a particular topic and use it to look for questions relating to the topic using this.
These notes were written by an OCR biology as+a2 team leader who unfortunately passed away during half term, and his predictions have been accurate many a time.
These notes were written by an OCR biology as+a2 team leader who unfortunately passed away during half term, and his predictions have been accurate many a time.
Analysis of past papers A2 Biology.
Remember at least 1 of the Jan ’09 topics will be repeated but given a new twist.
Central Concepts
Energy and respiration –
Jan ’09 – ATP structure and anaerobic structure
June ’08 – RQ value of fat, structure of mitochondria adaptations for aerobic respiration.
Jan ’08 – Role of red NAD in aerobic + anaerobic respiration
June ’07 – ATP structure and role , Role of NAD + FAD
Jan ’07 – Kreb’s cycle – role of NADH
June ’06 – Respirometer, essay + Q10 resp + P/S
Jan ’06 – Glycolysis, anaerobic resp, fat respired.
June ’05 – mitochondria structure + oxidative phosphorylation.
Jan ’05 – ATP structure, production by substrate level + oxidative phosphorylation role in Nerves of ATP + compare Oxidative Phosphorylation with photophosphorylation.
June ’04 – Glycolysis + Anaerobic respiration role of NAD
Suggestions – Compare Oxidative and photophosphorylation.
Respirometers – how to set them up.
Kreb’s cycle + stages of respiration.
Photosynthesis –
Jan ’09 – Non cyclic Photophosphorylation + herbicide
June ’08 – Calvin cycle + limiting factors
Jan ’08 – Limiting factors – sun/shade plants + leaf adaptations
June ’07 – Limiting factors + temperature – role of NADP
Jan ’07 – P/S pigments + essay light dependent stage
June’06 – Co2 levels + q 10
Jan ’06 - Chloroplast structure – photophosphorylation.
June ’05 – pigments link to calvin cycle – essay calvin cycle
Jan ’05 – Sun shade leaves + adaptations of Palisade mesophyll cell
June ’04 – Adaptations of leaf + practical on leave discs floating
Suggestions – practical work on P/S eg light intensity or wavelength.
Details of the roles of pigments action and absorption spectrum + Rubisco.
Role of NADP + Calvin cycle – limiting factors
Populations and interactions – No main question Jan ’04 but on Synoptic paper.
Jan ’09 – Salt marsh – succession and sampling techniques – transect line
June ’08 – predator /Prey
Jan ’08 – bacteria growth curve + carrying capacity
June ’07 – Sampling techniques + succession.
Jan ’07 – Coppicing + role of fungi decomposersJune ’06 – lemmings – carrying capacity
Jan ’06 – tiger populations + sub species June ’05 – bacteria growth curves
Jan ’05 – Interspecific competition birds – deep + shallow feeders + N pollution in water
June ’04 – Succession in Sand Dunes + techniques to sample.
Jan ’04 – Nitrate pollution of rivers – possible role for GM crops N fixing
Suggestions – Nitrogen pollution- eutrophication in water + Predator/Prey
Meiosis, Genetics and gene control
Jan ’09 – Multiple alleles – blood groups + Human genome project
June ’08 – Meiosis - Essay on variation in meiosis + sex linkage in MPB
Jan ’08 – Lac Operon + sex linked genetic problem
June ’07 – Multiple Alleles cross
Jan ’07 – Meiosis – Dihybrid cross 1;1:1:1 + chi squared
June ’06 – Meiosis + sex linked inheritance
Jan ’06 – Meiosis – Daphnia – Meiosis essay
June ’05 – Dihybrid cross + lac operon
Jan ’05 – Sex linked cross + role of mutations in evolution.
June ’04 – Multiple alleles.
Suggestions – Genetic cross – Dihybrid + chi squared
Phenylketonuria or sickle cell anaemia – point mutations and consequences, environment and phenotype. Meiosis identify a stage.
Classification, selection and evolution –
Jan ’09 – Classification KPCOFGS – artificial selection
June ’08 – Finches – beak sizes
Jan ’08 – Fungi and artificial selection against resistance to fungicides
June ’07 – Gene pool stability - evolution
Jan ’07 – Fungi classify, sea horse speciation
June ’06 – essay – snail shells natural selection
Jan ’06 – Classify + tiger speciation sub species
June ’05 – Vit K alleles + natural selection
Jan ’05 – Polyploidy evolution of wheat + artificial selection
June ’04 – Classification Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic cells + DNA mutations in evolution
Suggestions – types of speciation, classification- 5 kingdoms, example of natural selection. Allopatric and Sympatric mechanisms + gene pool stability
Control, coordination and homeostasis –
Jan ’09 – Kidney ICT – selective reabsorption + insulin/Glucagon control blood glucose
June ’08 – Pacinian corpuscle – initiate an action potential + synapse drug calcium blocker
Jan ’08 – IAA+ GA on lateral buds + Glucogenesis + insulin + diabetes
June ’07 – LOTS on Plants – Data analysis + essay
Jan ’07 – Nerve structure – action potential essay myelin + non myelinated + gibberelin expt analysis
June ’06 – Kidney – selective reabsorption + volume of urine
Jan ’06 – reflex arc, kidney reabsorption , hormones
June ’05 – myelin/non myelinated nerve essay impulse + control of blood glucose
Jan ’05 – Kidney filtration + reabsorption + role of kidney in maintaining water potential.
Plant growth factors role of 2 egs. Role of ATP in neurons.
June ’04 – IAA + Gibberelin data analysis.
Suggestions – Kidney - ADH and osmoregulation or Ultrafiltration
Structure of nerves --Action potentials – sodium gates etc; or synapse.
Plant growth factors – Auxin or the others – interpret data handling question.
Mammalian Physiology and Behaviour.
Mammalian Nutrition –
Jan ’09 – digestion, protein structure + pancreas cancer
June ’08 – Dental formulae – colon structure and function.
Jan ’08 – Compare carnivore and herbivore skulls + teeth - essay
June ’07 – Stomach – mucus, data + ileum adaptations
Jan ’07 – Teeth Carnivores, starch digestion + colon structure
June’06 – Endo/exopeptidase + pancreas structure CCK, secretin + autodigestion pancreas
Jan ’06 – Gastrin ruminant amino acids essay
June ’05 – Stomach self digestion - mitochondria + golgi role
Jan ’05 – Skull and adaptations of herbivore – kangaroo + digestion role of hormones + coelic disease – comprehension.
June ’04 – Hormones and control of digestion + Adaptations of herbivore - rabbits
Suggestions –
Pancreas histology and role in digestion.
Role of hormones and nerves in controlling digestion and secretions.
Stomach + ileum T.S. – ways to avoid self digestion in stomach
Herbivore adaptations – compare Giraffe + elephant, ruminants + caecum?
Liver –
Jan ’09 – CHO metabolism + diabetes
June ’08 – Alcohol on nerves/liver metabolism
Jan ’08 – Blood proteins – role in water potential + exchange in capillaries - Kwashiokor
June ’07 – CHO metabolism – insulin + Glucagon, transamination + ornithine cycle
Jan ’07 – Liver cancer + cirrhosis Blood clotting
June ’06 – LDL/HDLs + cholesterol + CHD
Jan ’06 – lobule structure + bile + alcohol metabolism + alcohol – cirrhosis in liver
June ’05 – Bear metabolism – bile/urea/cholesterol
Jan ’05 – CHO metabolism – Glycogenlysis + Gluconeogenesis.
June ’04 – CHO metabolism + Insulin + Glucagon + HDLs/LDLs + CHD link.
Suggestions – Liver structure em – lobules, Protein metabolism –
Haemoglobin metabolism/ bile production. Vitamins A etc
Alcohol effects on nervous system + social consequences.
CHO + Fat metabolism – Gluconeogensis - Bear coming out of hibernation?
Support and Locomotion –
Jan ’09 – Neuromuscular junction + essay muscle contraction
June ’08 – osteoblast/clasts + Glucosamine – muscle contraction essay
Jan ’08 – Pentadactyl limb + synapse
June ’07 – cartilage and synovial joint, Osteoporesis
Jan ’07 – pentadactyl limb/ ligaments + cartilage/ antagonistic muscles
June’06 – bone and cartilage structure role of osteoblasts + hormonal - oestoporosis
Jan ’06 – muscle contraction essay – synapse + muscle contraction essay
June ’05 – thoracic + lumbar structure essay – osteoarthritis + osteoporesis + muscle reflex arc synoptic RNA + oxygen consumption.
Jan ’05 – Kangaroo pentadactyl limb
June ’04 – Neuromuscular junction – initiation of a muscle contraction
Suggestions - EM – Muscle contraction in detail,
Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis.
Bones general structure and role of osteoclasts/blasts
especially - compare thoracic and lumbar – elephant/giraffe
The nervous system + Brain–
Jan ’09 – Brain structure – role of Sodium in nerves + pain reception
June ’08 – alzheimer’s essay
Jan ’08 – Parasympathetic + sympathetic N.S
June ’07 – Cerebellum + role of sympathetic N.S. + Alzheimer’s data
Jan’07 – alzheimer’s PET scan + Hypothalamus + Pituitary – ADH production
June ’06 – SNS + PNS comparison essay – heart rate control.
Jan ’06 – label parts of brain + function – synapse + Alzheimer’s
June ’05 – cerebral cortex structure + CSF + hydrocephalus.
Jan ’05 – Cerebellum + medulla + alzheimer’s treatment – understanding of synapses.
June ’04 – Brain label + Alzheimer’s data interpretation drugs to treat Alzheimer’s + role of parasympathetic + sympathetic NS – eye. Reflex arc – details of the neurone + synapse to initiate an action potential.
Suggestions – Cerebrum, Hypothalamus + Pituitary Gland structure and function – role of C.S.F. and Alzheimers’s – possible treatments to reduce plaques.
Eye and ear –
Jan ’09 – Rods and structure of ganglia cells etc; Retina pigmentosa + catarcts
June’08 – Ear adaptions + sex linked inheritance
Jan ’08 – Retina – rods + cones
June ’07 – Basis rods + cones, accommodation + essay – Iodopsin + Brain
Jan ’07 – Hearing + genetic condition
June ’07 – Balance essay + bats radar
Jan ’06 – Seals – rods + cones + tapetum + ciliary muscles + cataracts
June ’05 – Hearing + defects of ossicles
Jan ’05 –Cataracts + different types of eye defects – comprehension.
June ’04 – eye – accommodation + cat’s vision + ageing on the lens.
Suggestions – Ears – hearing or balance- depolarizing hair cells.
Eyes – rods or cones - accomodation
Adaptations – Meerkats to high light intensity – cones are stimulated etc;
Behaviour –
Jan ’09 – Learning, classical and operant comparison
June ’08 – Rats – operant conditioning
Jan ’08 – Operant Conditioning
June ’07 – Simple reflex, Associative learning + synapse synoptic
Jan ’07 – learning behaviour – experiment
June ’06 – associative behaviour – learning experiment rats
Jan ’06 – lambs learning + reflex arcs
June ’05 – reflex arc
Jan ’05 – Definitions of all types of behaviour + operant conditioning in cat. essay
June ’04 – reflex – chimps holding on to mother.
Suggestions – comparison learnt and more complex behaviour.
Simple reflexs 1 or 2 synapse - Interpreting some experiment.
Compare higher and lower monkey behavior – squirrel monkey + chimpanzee
General comments - Remember – always on this paper – some drug mechanism – role of placebo or control or some new treatment designed to reduce damage to tissue through – keyhole surgery or decreases risk of infection or reduce rejection
Always – quote comparison of 2 sets of data and units must be quoted from both axis – even a.u. – arbitrary units.
Also try to manipulate the figures – eg this is 3x higher.
Maths – magnification I/O=M keep the units the same in mm if possible and
1,000 um =1mm.
Don’t forget 12 synoptic marks out of /90
· cell organelle structures/
· plasma membrane structure - fluid mosaic,
· enzymes, hydrolysis/condensation reactions
· biochemistry of bonds – peptide/glycosidic/ester,
· role of cholesterol in the membrane and in the body
· LDL/HDLs and CHD – atherosclerosis – in the wall of the artery.
· Basic genetic crosses – heterozygous carriers 1in 4 chance, but watch out for dominant inheritance 1in 2 chance.
· Definitions of tissue and organ – different tissues working together more efficiently. Same cells – working together in a tissue.
· Proteins changing their hydrogen/ disulphide/ionic bonds/hydrophobic interactions to change the secondary/tertiary/quartenary structure by a random mutation of the DNA.
· Changes in transcription DNA to mRNA + in the nucleus
· Translation – different amino acid primary sequence joined together at the ribosomes.
· Golgi – add to/modify the protein – lipid or CHO to make a Glycoprotein.
· Role of Golgi in secretions.
· Properties of water
· Biochemistry of respiration – Glycolysis, Link reaction, Kreb’s cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation.
· Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration.
Scroll to see replies
Ahh cheers. Any for synoptic or GDR?
Kevlar
Look at these last so you don't focus your revision on them, you can use them if your stuck on a particular topic and use it to look for questions relating to the topic using this.
These notes were written by an OCR biology as+a2 team leader who unfortunately passed away during half term, and his predictions have been accurate many a time.
These notes were written by an OCR biology as+a2 team leader who unfortunately passed away during half term, and his predictions have been accurate many a time.
Analysis of past papers A2 Biology.
Remember at least 1 of the Jan ’09 topics will be repeated but given a new twist.
Central Concepts
Energy and respiration –
Jan ’09 – ATP structure and anaerobic structure
June ’08 – RQ value of fat, structure of mitochondria adaptations for aerobic respiration.
Jan ’08 – Role of red NAD in aerobic + anaerobic respiration
June ’07 – ATP structure and role , Role of NAD + FAD
Jan ’07 – Kreb’s cycle – role of NADH
June ’06 – Respirometer, essay + Q10 resp + P/S
Jan ’06 – Glycolysis, anaerobic resp, fat respired.
June ’05 – mitochondria structure + oxidative phosphorylation.
Jan ’05 – ATP structure, production by substrate level + oxidative phosphorylation role in Nerves of ATP + compare Oxidative Phosphorylation with photophosphorylation.
June ’04 – Glycolysis + Anaerobic respiration role of NAD
Suggestions – Compare Oxidative and photophosphorylation.
Respirometers – how to set them up.
Kreb’s cycle + stages of respiration.
Photosynthesis –
Jan ’09 – Non cyclic Photophosphorylation + herbicide
June ’08 – Calvin cycle + limiting factors
Jan ’08 – Limiting factors – sun/shade plants + leaf adaptations
June ’07 – Limiting factors + temperature – role of NADP
Jan ’07 – P/S pigments + essay light dependent stage
June’06 – Co2 levels + q 10
Jan ’06 - Chloroplast structure – photophosphorylation.
June ’05 – pigments link to calvin cycle – essay calvin cycle
Jan ’05 – Sun shade leaves + adaptations of Palisade mesophyll cell
June ’04 – Adaptations of leaf + practical on leave discs floating
Suggestions – practical work on P/S eg light intensity or wavelength.
Details of the roles of pigments action and absorption spectrum + Rubisco.
Role of NADP + Calvin cycle – limiting factors
Populations and interactions – No main question Jan ’04 but on Synoptic paper.
Jan ’09 – Salt marsh – succession and sampling techniques – transect line
June ’08 – predator /Prey
Jan ’08 – bacteria growth curve + carrying capacity
June ’07 – Sampling techniques + succession.
Jan ’07 – Coppicing + role of fungi decomposersJune ’06 – lemmings – carrying capacity
Jan ’06 – tiger populations + sub species June ’05 – bacteria growth curves
Jan ’05 – Interspecific competition birds – deep + shallow feeders + N pollution in water
June ’04 – Succession in Sand Dunes + techniques to sample.
Jan ’04 – Nitrate pollution of rivers – possible role for GM crops N fixing
Suggestions – Nitrogen pollution- eutrophication in water + Predator/Prey
Meiosis, Genetics and gene control
Jan ’09 – Multiple alleles – blood groups + Human genome project
June ’08 – Meiosis - Essay on variation in meiosis + sex linkage in MPB
Jan ’08 – Lac Operon + sex linked genetic problem
June ’07 – Multiple Alleles cross
Jan ’07 – Meiosis – Dihybrid cross 1;1:1:1 + chi squared
June ’06 – Meiosis + sex linked inheritance
Jan ’06 – Meiosis – Daphnia – Meiosis essay
June ’05 – Dihybrid cross + lac operon
Jan ’05 – Sex linked cross + role of mutations in evolution.
June ’04 – Multiple alleles.
Suggestions – Genetic cross – Dihybrid + chi squared
Phenylketonuria or sickle cell anaemia – point mutations and consequences, environment and phenotype. Meiosis identify a stage.
Classification, selection and evolution –
Jan ’09 – Classification KPCOFGS – artificial selection
June ’08 – Finches – beak sizes
Jan ’08 – Fungi and artificial selection against resistance to fungicides
June ’07 – Gene pool stability - evolution
Jan ’07 – Fungi classify, sea horse speciation
June ’06 – essay – snail shells natural selection
Jan ’06 – Classify + tiger speciation sub species
June ’05 – Vit K alleles + natural selection
Jan ’05 – Polyploidy evolution of wheat + artificial selection
June ’04 – Classification Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic cells + DNA mutations in evolution
Suggestions – types of speciation, classification- 5 kingdoms, example of natural selection. Allopatric and Sympatric mechanisms + gene pool stability
Control, coordination and homeostasis –
Jan ’09 – Kidney ICT – selective reabsorption + insulin/Glucagon control blood glucose
June ’08 – Pacinian corpuscle – initiate an action potential + synapse drug calcium blocker
Jan ’08 – IAA+ GA on lateral buds + Glucogenesis + insulin + diabetes
June ’07 – LOTS on Plants – Data analysis + essay
Jan ’07 – Nerve structure – action potential essay myelin + non myelinated + gibberelin expt analysis
June ’06 – Kidney – selective reabsorption + volume of urine
Jan ’06 – reflex arc, kidney reabsorption , hormones
June ’05 – myelin/non myelinated nerve essay impulse + control of blood glucose
Jan ’05 – Kidney filtration + reabsorption + role of kidney in maintaining water potential.
Plant growth factors role of 2 egs. Role of ATP in neurons.
June ’04 – IAA + Gibberelin data analysis.
Suggestions – Kidney - ADH and osmoregulation or Ultrafiltration
Structure of nerves --Action potentials – sodium gates etc; or synapse.
Plant growth factors – Auxin or the others – interpret data handling question.
Mammalian Physiology and Behaviour.
Mammalian Nutrition –
Jan ’09 – digestion, protein structure + pancreas cancer
June ’08 – Dental formulae – colon structure and function.
Jan ’08 – Compare carnivore and herbivore skulls + teeth - essay
June ’07 – Stomach – mucus, data + ileum adaptations
Jan ’07 – Teeth Carnivores, starch digestion + colon structure
June’06 – Endo/exopeptidase + pancreas structure CCK, secretin + autodigestion pancreas
Jan ’06 – Gastrin ruminant amino acids essay
June ’05 – Stomach self digestion - mitochondria + golgi role
Jan ’05 – Skull and adaptations of herbivore – kangaroo + digestion role of hormones + coelic disease – comprehension.
June ’04 – Hormones and control of digestion + Adaptations of herbivore - rabbits
Suggestions –
Pancreas histology and role in digestion.
Role of hormones and nerves in controlling digestion and secretions.
Stomach + ileum T.S. – ways to avoid self digestion in stomach
Herbivore adaptations – compare Giraffe + elephant, ruminants + caecum?
Liver –
Jan ’09 – CHO metabolism + diabetes
June ’08 – Alcohol on nerves/liver metabolism
Jan ’08 – Blood proteins – role in water potential + exchange in capillaries - Kwashiokor
June ’07 – CHO metabolism – insulin + Glucagon, transamination + ornithine cycle
Jan ’07 – Liver cancer + cirrhosis Blood clotting
June ’06 – LDL/HDLs + cholesterol + CHD
Jan ’06 – lobule structure + bile + alcohol metabolism + alcohol – cirrhosis in liver
June ’05 – Bear metabolism – bile/urea/cholesterol
Jan ’05 – CHO metabolism – Glycogenlysis + Gluconeogenesis.
June ’04 – CHO metabolism + Insulin + Glucagon + HDLs/LDLs + CHD link.
Suggestions – Liver structure em – lobules, Protein metabolism –
Haemoglobin metabolism/ bile production. Vitamins A etc
Alcohol effects on nervous system + social consequences.
CHO + Fat metabolism – Gluconeogensis - Bear coming out of hibernation?
Support and Locomotion –
Jan ’09 – Neuromuscular junction + essay muscle contraction
June ’08 – osteoblast/clasts + Glucosamine – muscle contraction essay
Jan ’08 – Pentadactyl limb + synapse
June ’07 – cartilage and synovial joint, Osteoporesis
Jan ’07 – pentadactyl limb/ ligaments + cartilage/ antagonistic muscles
June’06 – bone and cartilage structure role of osteoblasts + hormonal - oestoporosis
Jan ’06 – muscle contraction essay – synapse + muscle contraction essay
June ’05 – thoracic + lumbar structure essay – osteoarthritis + osteoporesis + muscle reflex arc synoptic RNA + oxygen consumption.
Jan ’05 – Kangaroo pentadactyl limb
June ’04 – Neuromuscular junction – initiation of a muscle contraction
Suggestions - EM – Muscle contraction in detail,
Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis.
Bones general structure and role of osteoclasts/blasts
especially - compare thoracic and lumbar – elephant/giraffe
The nervous system + Brain–
Jan ’09 – Brain structure – role of Sodium in nerves + pain reception
June ’08 – alzheimer’s essay
Jan ’08 – Parasympathetic + sympathetic N.S
June ’07 – Cerebellum + role of sympathetic N.S. + Alzheimer’s data
Jan’07 – alzheimer’s PET scan + Hypothalamus + Pituitary – ADH production
June ’06 – SNS + PNS comparison essay – heart rate control.
Jan ’06 – label parts of brain + function – synapse + Alzheimer’s
June ’05 – cerebral cortex structure + CSF + hydrocephalus.
Jan ’05 – Cerebellum + medulla + alzheimer’s treatment – understanding of synapses.
June ’04 – Brain label + Alzheimer’s data interpretation drugs to treat Alzheimer’s + role of parasympathetic + sympathetic NS – eye. Reflex arc – details of the neurone + synapse to initiate an action potential.
Suggestions – Cerebrum, Hypothalamus + Pituitary Gland structure and function – role of C.S.F. and Alzheimers’s – possible treatments to reduce plaques.
Eye and ear –
Jan ’09 – Rods and structure of ganglia cells etc; Retina pigmentosa + catarcts
June’08 – Ear adaptions + sex linked inheritance
Jan ’08 – Retina – rods + cones
June ’07 – Basis rods + cones, accommodation + essay – Iodopsin + Brain
Jan ’07 – Hearing + genetic condition
June ’07 – Balance essay + bats radar
Jan ’06 – Seals – rods + cones + tapetum + ciliary muscles + cataracts
June ’05 – Hearing + defects of ossicles
Jan ’05 –Cataracts + different types of eye defects – comprehension.
June ’04 – eye – accommodation + cat’s vision + ageing on the lens.
Suggestions – Ears – hearing or balance- depolarizing hair cells.
Eyes – rods or cones - accomodation
Adaptations – Meerkats to high light intensity – cones are stimulated etc;
Behaviour –
Jan ’09 – Learning, classical and operant comparison
June ’08 – Rats – operant conditioning
Jan ’08 – Operant Conditioning
June ’07 – Simple reflex, Associative learning + synapse synoptic
Jan ’07 – learning behaviour – experiment
June ’06 – associative behaviour – learning experiment rats
Jan ’06 – lambs learning + reflex arcs
June ’05 – reflex arc
Jan ’05 – Definitions of all types of behaviour + operant conditioning in cat. essay
June ’04 – reflex – chimps holding on to mother.
Suggestions – comparison learnt and more complex behaviour.
Simple reflexs 1 or 2 synapse - Interpreting some experiment.
Compare higher and lower monkey behavior – squirrel monkey + chimpanzee
General comments - Remember – always on this paper – some drug mechanism – role of placebo or control or some new treatment designed to reduce damage to tissue through – keyhole surgery or decreases risk of infection or reduce rejection
Always – quote comparison of 2 sets of data and units must be quoted from both axis – even a.u. – arbitrary units.
Also try to manipulate the figures – eg this is 3x higher.
Maths – magnification I/O=M keep the units the same in mm if possible and
1,000 um =1mm.
Don’t forget 12 synoptic marks out of /90
· cell organelle structures/
· plasma membrane structure - fluid mosaic,
· enzymes, hydrolysis/condensation reactions
· biochemistry of bonds – peptide/glycosidic/ester,
· role of cholesterol in the membrane and in the body
· LDL/HDLs and CHD – atherosclerosis – in the wall of the artery.
· Basic genetic crosses – heterozygous carriers 1in 4 chance, but watch out for dominant inheritance 1in 2 chance.
· Definitions of tissue and organ – different tissues working together more efficiently. Same cells – working together in a tissue.
· Proteins changing their hydrogen/ disulphide/ionic bonds/hydrophobic interactions to change the secondary/tertiary/quartenary structure by a random mutation of the DNA.
· Changes in transcription DNA to mRNA + in the nucleus
· Translation – different amino acid primary sequence joined together at the ribosomes.
· Golgi – add to/modify the protein – lipid or CHO to make a Glycoprotein.
· Role of Golgi in secretions.
· Properties of water
· Biochemistry of respiration – Glycolysis, Link reaction, Kreb’s cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation.
· Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration.
Thats awesomw thanks mate. And sorry to hear that.
However how is he able to be so specific. I.e. how could he possibly know about a hibernating bear and a meerkat being in it? Not exactly typical syllabus stuff
???????
Thats great, thanks
-XxX-
This is going to sound so thick, but what? are we supposed to revise or not revise the above?
im sorry im stupid
EDIT: I get it
and it only took me an hour :P
look at what exams have done to y brain
thankyou
:
im sorry im stupid
EDIT: I get it
and it only took me an hour :Plook at what exams have done to y brain
thankyou
:I still don't get it
, which are the parts that the guy has suggested to revise, it seems like the whole syllabus to me?
* Dain Bramaged
Thats awesomw thanks mate. And sorry to hear that.
However how is he able to be so specific. I.e. how could he possibly know about a hibernating bear and a meerkat being in it? Not exactly typical syllabus stuff
However how is he able to be so specific. I.e. how could he possibly know about a hibernating bear and a meerkat being in it? Not exactly typical syllabus stuff
I have no idea but i swear down if meerkats come up on the mam phys paper im gonna laugh he printed of us a special worksheet and everything on them
is there anything on GDR or synoptic. I find these all very strange that their is a special team which analyse past papers
I also go to this college, His prediction have been good, but dont rely on these by any means, this is the last year so there bound to be a out of norm
He knows this meerkat stuff, because examiners get sent an email, and they have hints in it, and this year it said something about a bear and meerkats, but the emails can be misleading too.
He knows this meerkat stuff, because examiners get sent an email, and they have hints in it, and this year it said something about a bear and meerkats, but the emails can be misleading too.
Loogie
I also go to this college, His prediction have been good, but dont rely on these by any means, this is the last year so there bound to be a out of norm
He knows this meerkat stuff, because examiners get sent an email, and they have hints in it, and this year it said something about a bear and meerkats, but the emails can be misleading too.
He knows this meerkat stuff, because examiners get sent an email, and they have hints in it, and this year it said something about a bear and meerkats, but the emails can be misleading too.
yers, but we can't just learn about meerkats and bears can we. If it asks questions on them, it'd be like, how is a meercat apapted, you just put camouflage and fast, then sumat about bear, small ears for heat loss, insulation from fat, thick fur for warmth, small surface area to volume ration etc....
knowing that its bear and meerkat doesn't help does it? or are you specifically learning about a meercat and a bear now?
Meercats have dark eyes, so they can look into the sky to see if prey are coming for them, without the sun hurting their eyes because the black around their eyes absorped the light...something along these lines..all im sayign basically is that its application, knowing about traits of animals can be useful..meerkats is an example, the emails might just a warning kind of thing, making sure we kind of know concepts which might be applied in different ways.
jeez im babbling here sorry.
jeez im babbling here sorry.
yers, but we can't just learn about meerkats and bears can we. If it asks questions on them, it'd be like, how is a meercat apapted, you just put camouflage and fast, then sumat about bear, small ears for heat loss, insulation from fat, thick fur for warmth, small surface area to volume ration etc....
knowing that its bear and meerkat doesn't help does it? or are you specifically learning about a meercat and a bear now?
knowing that its bear and meerkat doesn't help does it? or are you specifically learning about a meercat and a bear now?
haha, i know im late, i saw this the night before the exam..
Thanks to this guy, i believe i got about 100%
RIP =(
And 9001 thanks to OP!
Thanks to this guy, i believe i got about 100%
RIP =(
And 9001 thanks to OP!
Some were right, natural seceltion and dihybrid cross came up
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