ICAs = In Course Assessments
These are stuff like your FunMed exam etc that you do after each module. Falls into three parts - SAQ paper (mainly PBL based, but can have some lecture stuff in there), EMQ paper (mainly lecture based), and Spotter exam (anatomy/histology/practicals).
Now there are 5 'papers' in year 1 - all of which you have to pass to get to year 2 (you need to pass paper A to be entered for end of year exams).
Paper A - All your ICAs, Medsoc marks, PBL write ups go here (each weighted differently). Tbh, the vast majority of the year pass this paper because medsoc really helps you bump up your average to 50% required.
Paper B - This is and end of year paper. Split into two parts. Bi - your end of year SAQ paper on pretty much any of the pbls you've covered this year, 3 new ones given to you closer to exam time to work on and one completely new one you see in the exam. THen there's Bii - this is an EMQ paper on pretty much everything you've done in first year. most of it (like 40% is based on FunMed material anyway).
Paper C - Thisis an end of year spotter exam based on ALL the anatomy, histology and practicals you've done all year. Anything could come up really.
Paper D - Your OSCE exam on the clinical skills you'll be taught after christmas. THere are quite a few exams to remember. OSCEs are split into two too - so the practical bit where you do a physical exam on a pretend patient and the written bit where you answer an EMQ paper on the OSCE stations you have just been to.
Paper E - All your SSC srap from the entire year.
For ranking - Only papers B, C and D coumt (so your end of year exams only). For merits, distinctions etc - only papers A, B, C and D count. Basically, paper E is just something you have to pass but if you do well in paper E (i.e top quartile in your year), you get awarded a commendation in SSCs which I guess could be pretty good.
EDIT: Apologies for the typos - I'm doing this whilst watching the Apprentice!