All the questions I remember. I may have missed some bits so forgive me lol - THIS MAY NOT BE IN ORDER SORRY. ALSO THE MARKS ARE WHAT I THINK THEY WERE BUT IF YOU KNOW THEY ARE WRONG PLEASE SAY SO.
1. TWO LIFESTYLE RELATED QUESTIONS: How much do you exercise per week? AND Do you drink alcohol and/or smoke tobacco ? (1 mark)
2. TWO MEDICAL HISTORY RELATED QUESTIONS: Are you currently on any medication AND Do any members of your family have diseases e.g Type 2 diabetes. (1 mark)
3. 1.3 and 28 (2 marks?)
Three changes in blood flow: In the skin: vasodilation to lose heat, In the muscles, so she could move whilst exercising (there is another one but I forgot what it was lol) (3 marks?)
4. The heart works as a double pump so the blood is deoxgenated before it goes to the lungs to be oxygenated. So the blood flow to Sunita's lungs BEFORE exercise is 5.0 litres. (2 marks?)
5. NEIL'S BMI (6 marks) Two potential answers:
5i) BMI was 31. He is therefore obese and he is above average for his age . He should therefore think about going to his GP for some exercise tips and he should think of adopting a carefully controlled diet full of high fibre foods and complex carbs because they take long to digest so some of the glucose will be used in respiration before it is stored. Cut out simple sugars as they are quickly digested. As he is obese and probably has bad diet control his T2Diabetes risk is increased as well so he should try to lower his BMI.
5ii)(Thank you Kate) His BMI is 31 which suggests he is obese, however BMI isn't always the most accurate as someone who has a lot of muscle may register as obese or very obese simply because muscle is higher density than fat. Body fat % gives a more accurate result and because According to the chart Neil has an above average % body fat, he should be concerned.
6. (I think this was group 1 and 2 about aortas).They minimum aorta diameter in group two was approx 4.6 (1 mark)
7. They did some people in Group 1 because their family members may have have had it and/or suffered complications from the aneurysm. (1 mark?)
8. Some people might go for the surgery anyway because the perceived risk is great than the actual risk. (3 marks?)
9. (I think the smoking question was next?).
< 30 = People who were less than 30 when they stopped smoking. (2 mark)
Increase in the percentage risk = 5.5% or 5.6% depending on how you read it (2 marks?)
10. Two conclusions that I could draw: (2 marks)
If you smoke, as you get older, the increased risk of getting lung cancer increases.
People who don't smoke still have a chance of getting lung cancer.
11. Age when you started matters as the deterioration of a duration of time will be different. (General health may be accepted too) (2 marks?)
12. Why are some people for/against timber harvesting? (6 marks)
For: They can generate an income
Against: Deforestation can lead to soil erosion which is bad for farmers, loss of habitats as well.
13. Why is vegetation good? (3 marks)
Prevents soil erosion
Prevents extremes of temperatures
Promotes cloud formation
14. Somewhere there was a question about measuring progress in fitness or something and you had to tick the boxes "repeatibility of results" and "accuracy of monitoring equipment" (2 marks?)
15. Ecoservices for humans include (you only need three for three marks)
pollination
clean water
air
fertile soil for growing crops
food e.g fish and game
16. Ecosystems waste (you needed two) (2 marks?) Thank you Abbi :
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Minerals in nutrients
Dead Organic matter
Faeces
17.. Life Cycle Assessment:is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from cradle to grave (3 marks?)
(BASICALLY LOOKING AT ENERGY INPUTS AND OUTPUTS AND THE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT)
18.. Boxes to tick in terms of NO scientific approach (2 marks?):
How much the bags should cost (definite answer)
I think 'Holes in bags to stop suffocation; is the other one, but some people think it's plastic bags on streets
19.. 5p charge(3 marks?):
PEOPLE: Why should we have to pay if we are already paying for groceries?
SCIENTISTS: Acts as a deterrent gets people to recycle their bags. A small fee to pay as plastics take long to decompose.
20. INSULIN IN GM: POTENTIAL ANSWERS (6 marks):
1.Identify the gene for insulin, remove it from the DNA using an enzyme, replicate this SINGLE gene, remove a plasmid from the circular DNA in bacteria donor, put the insulin gene in, put it back into the bacteria and put it in a fermenter to harvest it. Once harvested insulin can be extracted and put into the cartridges for insulin patients to use.
2 (s/o to Dr. Dead Trim for this answer). A DNA sample is taken from white blood cells in the Human and the gene for insulin is located and isolated then replicated using restriction enzymes
Talk about the plasmid being a vector and inserting the suitable vector back into the bacteria
Mention that its electrically stimulated to accept the genes and if it doesnt accept the insulin gene then it wont accept the resistance gene so when an antibiotic is added it will kill it off leaving you with functioning bacteria that produce insulin.
Genetic code is universal across all organisms which is why bacteria are able to produce human insulin. Bacteria have a simple biochemistry as well as the ability to reproduce rapidly and create complex molecules.
After being put into a fermenter the insulin is filtered out, bottled then distributed in pharmacies
Also mention that human insulin is better than animal insulin as it is more effective and wont be treated as a pathogen
(I am seeing a lot of mention about antibiotics - this is about finding out if the bacteria mod was successful or not)
21. 'May cause disease' should have been circled (1 mark).
22. There was a question somewhere that said mention 2 lifestyle choices and the effects they have on people. Answers could've been: (2 marks)
Alcohol consumption: Slows reflexes and damages the heart
Tobacco consumption: Risks of lung cancer. Blackened lungs. HEART ATTACK
Eating fatty foods: The cholesterol heightens your blood pressure. Fatty deposits on the heart could lead to a heart attack or something similar.
CAN'T THINK OF ANY OTHER QUESTIONS. IF YOU KNOW THEM, ANY OTHER ANSWERS OR THE MARKS PLEASE POST IT SO I CAN EDIT. ALL THE LOVE. X
These marks may not even be right. BUT everything adds up to 60 marks. Any thing marked 1 mark would have deffo been no more than 2, any thing marked 2 marks would've been no more than 3 and anything marked 3 marks would've been at least 2. 6 markers are definite.