Original post by MansunHaving graduated from Nottingham in 2005 (BSc Biochemistry) and Birkbeck (MSc Microbiology), I can give some valuable insight. I posted this elsewhere, but it seems a good fit here too (for what it is worth I turned down UCL at undergraduate level & Imperial at postgraduate level due to living costs and not wanting to give up my day job).
You are not far off with the above statement, as in terms of numbers Manchester, Leeds, Nottingham and Newcastle lead the way in the actual numbers (not percentages) of private school kids (6000-7000 approx) that make up the undergraduate numbers. St Andrews and Durham have a higher percentage intake, but they have far fewer places, and therefore less state school kids, but not more private school kids than the above.
The key above all else is to attend a Russell Group uni (plus St Andrews & Bath), this puts you in very good contention with the top employers and in academia. All is not lost if you didn't get into one of these excellent unis, as there are other ''good'' unis like Leicester, UAE, Royal Holloway, Reading etc. Bradford is often ranked low but has a good reputation and tradition. That is just to name a few.
Secondly, within the Russell Group (& Bath, St Andrews) you will get as good an education in each university broadly speaking, give or take a few (Oxbridge, LSE, Imperial aside, they definitely have an edge there, but not by much). Durham, Bristol, St Andrews, Edinburgh are a bit harder to get into than, say Birmingham, and will attract a higher percentage of private school kids. But that said, they are not ''better'' by any significant means, there is no sweeping advantage in going to these than Birmingham in the eyes of employers or in academia. They are all considered excellent.
If further down the line you are thinking of going to Oxbridge for a masters, they will look at your uni grade AND what uni you attended. As long as it is Russell Group (& Bath, St Andrews) you WILL be given priority, whether it be Cardiff or UCL or Durham. Then they place the vast majority of other unis in the second tier bracket, followed by the former polytechnics.
If you get into Birmingham or Sheffield having missed out on Durham by one grade (this happened to one of my friends), don't be disappointed, be proud! Well done - you made it into one of the elite UK universities, welcome to the club.
On a final note, forget media league tables, they are WORTHLESS. University tradition and Russell Group membership is the only serious criteria employers and other Universities care about. NOBODY, and I mean NODBODY in a professional capacity cares about league tables, as they can't possibly capture all the criteria and fair means and diversity to compare universities. Remember, Russell Group membership, tradition, and government commissioned RAE ratings are among the only things that matter.
On another note, Nottingham and Birmingham, to name a few, are working their socks off to try and get students from poorer backgrounds into their unis. Not sure about Duhram, St Andrews, Edinburgh etc, maybe they should be doing more too. Even Cambridge has admitted record numbers of state school kids last year.