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Large Surface area to volume ratio
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Amoeba is single-celled so diffusion distance is fast as there are no deeper cells within organisms
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Diffusion pathway is short.
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Idea of it being adequate/ sufficient enough to supply oxygen and prevare enting build up of toxic waste products such as CO2
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Nucleus
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Vacuole
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Phospholipid (bilayer)
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hydrophobic fatty acid tail
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Separates organelle components from cytoplasm - the membranes divide the cell into different compartments (compartmentalisation)
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Increases the surface area
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Reactions within organelles are more efficient
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Can form vesicles to transport materials between different parts of the cell
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Hold components of metabolic pathways in place
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Site for receptors to attach
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Exocytosis
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Cell will burst
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At -100kpa the water potential of the surrounding has a higher water potential than the inside of the cell
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Water travels by osmosis into the cell down a water potential gradient
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However at -500kpa the water potential of the surrounding has a lower water potential than the inside of the cell so water does not travel by osmosis into the cell.
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Therefore more water is filled and expelled at -100 than at -500
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can divide by mitosis
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Active transport of mineral ion into the root hair cells
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Decreases water potential
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Water follows by osmosis
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Root pressure - describe
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Capillary action - adhesion - describe
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A lot of biological isn’t coloured
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Adds contrast (this would be marking point on its own i think)
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as different chemicals take up different amounts of stain
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Distinguish between different parts of the cell
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It is mass flow of assimilates and sucrose up and down the phloem
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Sucrose loaded at the source and unloaded at the sink
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Cell walls
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Plasmodesmata
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Endodermis
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Casparian Strip
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117 um could be a range
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Anaphase (1)
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Describe the events from the start of mitosis that took place to reach that stage shown in the image. (5)
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Describe what happens in the rest of the cell cycle, excluding mitosis (3)
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What microscope shows the max. Magication of a TEM?(1)
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….(1)
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Fig 3.a
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Why is it sem? (1)
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3D surface; magnification was lower
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Air moves the water vapour away from the stomatal space
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Increases the water vapour potential gradient
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So more water evaporates from cells into stomatal space
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More water is lost through transpiration
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A tissue is a collection of cells that are specialised to work together to perform a common function.
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FABD??
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FADE??
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BADE?? Who knows
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Guard cells
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No xylem to transport water and minerals needed for photosynthesis
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No phloem to transport assimilates such as sucrose
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draw a horizontal line near the bottom of picture
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KLM - who knows
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smooth muscle contracts to constrict the airway
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Cilia moves in a synchronised way to waft mucus to the back of the throat
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Goblet cells produce/secrete mucus to trap particles
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Squamous epithelial are flattened cells which shorten the diffusion pathway for gases
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